Psychopharmacology Study Guide

Name the classes of antidepressants

• TCAs

• SSRIs

• MAOIs

• Others

List 2 examples of TCAs

TCAs

• Amitriptyline (Elavil)

• Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

List 3 examples of SSRIs

SSRI

• Fluoxetine (Prozac)

• Sertraline (Zoloft)

• Citalopram (Celexa)

• Escitalopram (Lexapro)

List 3 examples of MAOIS

MAOIs

• Phenelzine (Nardil)

• Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

• Isocarboxazid (Marplan)

List other types of antidepressants

Others

• Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

• Trazadone (Desyrl)

• Venlafaxine (Effexor)

• Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

TCAs cause what type of side effects?

• Lowers seizure threshold

• Orthostatic HPTN

• Anticholinergic SE

• Lethal in overdose

SSRI causes what type of side effects?

• Serotonin Syndrome

• Sexual SE

• CNS stimulant

• Do not take with MAOI/TCA or St. John’s wart

MAOIs causes what type of side effects?

• Avoid Tyramine — Risk of Hypertensive crisis — Watch for headache!

• CNS stimulant

• Orthostatic HPTN

Which medication (antidepressant) is at risk for priapism?

• Venlafaxine (Effexor)

• Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

• Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

• Trazadone (Desyrl)

Trazadone (Desyrl)

Which medication (antidepressant) cannot be taken with seizure d/o or eating d/o or with MAOI?

• Venlafaxine (Effexor)

• Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

• Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

• Trazadone (Desyrl)

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Name the classes of Anxiolytics and give examples

Benzodiazepines (short term use)

• Diazepam

• Clonazepa,

• Alprazolam

• Lorazepam

Other (long term use)

• Buspirone

Benzodiazepines (short term use) cause what type of side effects?

• Sedation

• Tolerance

• Dependence

• Withdrawal

• CNS depression

• Paradoxical response

Name the classes of Antipsychotics

• Traditional (first generation)

• Atypical (second generation)

List 3 examples of Traditional (first generation) Antipsychotics

• Fluphenazine

• Chlorpromazine

• Haloperidol

List 5 examples of Atypical (second generation) Antipsychotics

Atypical (second generation)

• Clozapine

• Olanzapine

• Quetiapine

• Ziprasidone

• Risperidone

What medications can cause an increase in Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Extrapyramidal symptoms?

Antipsychotics

Traditional (first generation)

• Fluphenazine

• Chlorpromazine

• Haloperidol

What medications can cause an increase in Metabolic Syndrome but a decrease in Extrapyramidal symptoms/Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?

Atypical (second generation)

• Clozapine

• Olanzapine

• Quetiapine

• Ziprasidone

• Risperidone

What is the purpose of Anticholinergic medication? Give 2 examples

Treats EPS

• Benztropine

• Diphenhydramine

List 4 Mood Stabilizers medications

• Lithium carbonate

• Carbamazepine

• Valproic Acid

• Lamotrigine

List 4 Gero: Memory Enhancers

• Donepezil HCL

• Galantamine

• Rivastigmine

• Memantine

What are the symptoms of early Lithium carbonate (Lithium) toxicity?

Less than 1.5

• Diarrhea

• N & V

• Fine tremors

• Lethargy

What are the symptoms of advanced Lithium carbonate (Lithium) toxicity?

1.5 - 2.0

• Confusion

• Coarse tremors

• More GI destress

• Sedation

What are the symptoms of severe Lithium carbonate (Lithium) toxicity?

2.0 - 2.5

• Polyuria

• Blurred vision

• Jerking movements

• Seizures

• Hypotension - potential death from respiratory complications

What are the symptoms of Lithium carbonate (Lithium) greater than 2.5?

• Coma

• Death

What is the purpose of AIMS?

Assesses for Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)

• Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are movement disorders, like tremors, muscle stiffness, restlessness, or uncontrollable facial movements, caused by certain medications, especially antipsychotics, that block dopamine receptors in the brain. They affect motor control and can manifest acutely (dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism) or chronically (tardive dyskinesia) and significantly impact quality of life

What is the purpose of CIWA?

Assess for withdrawal

What is the purpose of C.A.G.E?

Assess for potential alcohol use disorder

What is the purpose of Disulfiram?

For unpleasant effects when taken with alcohol - used for maintaining sobriety

What is the purpose of Naloxone?

Opioid reversal: Heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, methadone

What is the purpose of Flumazenil?

Benzodiazepine reversal

What is the purpose of Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone?

Synthetic opiate - use for maintenance programs in rehabilitation

What is the purpose of Clonidine?

Suppresses opiate withdrawal symptoms

What is the purpose of Lorazepam, Chlordiazepoxide?

Used for alcohol withdrawal symptoms - CIWA scale

ADHD: Cognitive enhancers

Stimulant

• Methylphenidate

• Dextroamphetamine

Non-Stimulant

• Atomoxetine

Which medication increases suicidal risk?

• Phenelzine

• Atomoxetine

• Memantine

• Galantamine

Atomoxetine

Which medications requires growth monitoring?

• Methylphenidate

• Dextroamphetamine