AP EH New Horizons: The Portuguese and Spanish Empires

New World

The Spanish Empire in the ________ ● The Spanish conquerors known as conquistadors were hardy individuals motivated by a typical sixteenth- century blend of glory, greed, and religious crusading zeal.

New Horizons

________: The Portuguese and Spanish Empires ● Portugal took the lead in the European age of expansion when it began to explore the coast of Africa under the sponsorship of Prince Henry the Navigator (1394- 1460)

Ottoman Empire

○ In 1509, a Portuguese armada defeated a combined fleet of Turkish and Indian ships off the coast of India and began to impose a blockade on the entrance to the Red Sea to cut off the flow of spices to Muslim rulers in Egypt and the ________.

New Spain

○ Spanish possessions were initially divided into two major administrative units: ________ (Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean islands), with its center in Mexico City, and Peru (western South America), governed by a viceroy in Lima.

contagious disease

● Smallpox, a highly ________, was spread through droplets in the air or direct contact with contaminated objects, such as clothing.

Maya

■ The ________ were an agrarian people who cleared the dense rain forests, developed farming, and built a patchwork of city- states.

○ Vasco Nunez de Balboa

________ (1475- 1519), a Spanish explorer, led an expedition across the Isthmus of Panama and reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513.

Portuguese Maritime Empire

The Development of a(n) ________ ● In 1419, Prince Henry founded a school for navigators on the southwestern coast of Portugal.

New Horizons

The Portuguese and Spanish Empires ● Portugal took the lead in the European age of expansion when it began to explore the coast of Africa under the sponsorship of Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)

○ Spanish possessions were initially divided into two major administrative units

New Spain (Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean islands), with its center in Mexico City, and Peru (western South America), governed by a viceroy in Lima

Portugal

took the lead in the European age of expansion when it began to explore the coast of Africa under the sponsorship of Prince Henry the Navigator

Prince Henry the Navigator

motives were a blend of seeking a Christian kingdom as an ally against the Muslims, acquiring trade opportunities for Portugal, and spreading Christianity

Bartholomeu Dias

took advantage of westerly winds in the South Atlantic to round the Cape of Good Hope, but he feared a mutiny from his crew and returned

Vasco da Gama

rounded the cape and stopped at several ports controlled by Muslim merchants along the coast of East Africa

Christopher Columbus

persuaded Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his exploratory expedition where he found the Americas which he thought was Asia/India

Vasco Nunez de Balboa

a Spanish explorer, led an expedition across the Isthmus of Panama and reached the Pacific Ocean in 1513

Ferdinand Magellan

associated with the first known circumnavigation of the earth

conquistadors

Spanish conquerors hardy individuals motivated by a typical sixteenth-century blend of glory, greed, and religious crusading zeal

Hernan Cortes

defeated Aztec Empire

Francisco Pizarro

defeated the Inca Empire

encomienda

an economic and social system that permitted the conquering Spaniards to collect tribute from the Indians and use them as laborers