Drug acting on cns: Anticonvulsants, Psychotropics, Neuroleptanalgesic, and Euthanizing agents

Anticonvulsants

Any drugs that stops convulsions

Antiepileptic

Drugs used for epilepsy specifically

Status epilepticus

A continuous seizure for almost 30 minutes with consciousness

Convulsive status epilepticus

Also known as tonic clonic epilepticus or grand mal epilepticus

There is continuous seizure for almost 30 minutes without consciousness

Benzodiazepines

First line anticonvulsant drugs; its generic name is valium.
(diazepam, clonazepam, clorazepate)

Diazepam

A benzodiazepine drug of choice for:
for controlling status epilepticus dog via oral route.
Not used in cats orally (might cause liver failure)

Clonazepam

A benzodiazepine anticonvulsant drug that causes diarrhea in dogs and cats

Clorazepate

A benzodiazepine anticonvulsant drug that can be an option when Diazepam/Clonazepam is not available

Barbiturates

An anticonvulsant drug group; a CNS depressant that enhances GABA-A receptor by prolonging chloride channel openings
(Phenobarbital & Pentobarbital)

Phenobarbital

An anticonvulsant barbiturate drug that is a preferred maintenance for treatment in dogs and cats; a first choice drug

Pentobarbital

An anticonvulsant barbiturate drug generally reserved as last resort when maintaining drugs for epilepticus

Phenytoin

This anticonvulsant drug is no longer recommended for dogs and cats & for emergency poisoning; but can be used for other seizure causes

Primidone

It is an anticonvulsant drug used for dogs only, not recommended in cats

Valproic acid/Valproate

A last resort anticonvulsant drug; Used in refractory status epilepticus, when other anticonvulsant drugs are no longer effective

Felbamate

An anticonvulsant drug that is hard to access

Gabapentin

It is an anticonvulsant used for distemper nervous type; when used in dogs for a long time it can cause a biotransformation difficulty, leading to toxicity.

The xylitol mixed with this drug causes the toxicity

Levetiracetam & Gabapentin

Some remaining anticonvulsants

Potassium bromide

A first line anticonvulsant

Psychotropics

Drugs used for psychiatric disorders

Benzodiazepines and Azapirone

Group of drugs that are anxiolytic and anticonvulsant drugs

Azapirone

A family of the drug buspirone; anxiolytic

Antipsychotics

Psychotropic drugs that diminish behavioral arousal

Acepromazine, Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine

For low potency antipsychotic drug of choice

Risperidone, Butyrophenone, Trifluoperazine, Thiothixene

For high potency antipsychotic drug of choice

Mood stabilizers

Psychotropic drugs for impulsive emotional reactivity and aggression (Carbamazepine, Valproic acid, and Lithium)

Carbamazepine and Valproic acid

Mood stabilizer drugs that can be used as anticonvulsants

Antidepressants

Psychotropic drugs that treat behavioral disorders, obsessive-compulsive, stereotype, and inappropriate elimination
- includes tricyclic compounds and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Amitriptyline, Imipramine, Clomipramine, Doxeprine

Antidepressants under tricyclic compounds

Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine

Antidepressants under SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

Selegiline

These are psychotropics that are mono-amine oxidase inhibitor used to treat cognitive impairment
Example drug is __

Neurolept Analgesic

Drugs used in patients under anesthetic risk

Droperidol + Fentanyl citrate

This neurolept analgesic combination are for dogs and human and for poor-risk/anesthetic risk patients. Admin must be slow IV.

Woody Chest Syndrome

Droperidol + Fentanyl citrate when administered rapidly on IV causes __

Etorphine + Neuroleptic combination

Analgesic + neuroleptic drugs that are under the phenothiazine group: Acepromazine, Xylazine, and Triflupromazine.

this neuroleptanalgesic combination is used in wide range of animals: dogs, cats, horses

Analgesics

This is a type of drug that causes loss of pain, without loss of consciousness

Opioid Analgesics

This analgesic type drug is used for deep-seated pain, having er0tic effect, which has different effects for each species. It is also slightly addictive.

Opium

This is the first alkaloid plant to be isolated that contains morphine

Its derivatives are:
1. Hydromorphone/Oxymorphone

2. Buprenorphine

3. Nalbuphine

4. Codeine/Hydrocodone & Oxycodone

5. Heroine

6. Apomorphine

7. Methadone

8. Fentanyl

9. Carfentanil/Etorphine

10. Propoxyphene

Butorphanol

It is an opioid analgesic that is a central acting analgesic, has both agonist and antagonistic properties.

Meperidine (Pteridine)

This opioid analgesic is used as spasmolytic, sedative, and analgesic.
Cats when administered SQ, causes hyperthermia
in Dogs, it depresses the cough center

Diphenoxylate

An opioid analgesic that causes action only in GIT, an anti-peristaltic agent

Diphenoxylate + Atropine

The first Lomotil preparation, an anti-diarrheal drug under Opioid analgesics

Pentazocine

A more potent opioid analgesic than Meperidine esp. in smooth muscle

Morphine

An opioid analgesic that is not really used. It is the first isolated alkaloid plant ; causes CNS depression in dogs, monkeys, and humans

NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

An analgesic that has 4 types: Classical, Selective COX2-inhibitors (COXIB), COX Inhibiting Nitric Oxide Donors (CINODS), and Dual COX, 5-LO

Aspirin

A Classical NSAIDs analgesic drug, toxic in cats, part of the salicylates family. It is most used as anti-inflammatory agent. Inhibits thromboxane and platelet aggregation. It is for Tx of Disseminated Intravascular coagulation and Pulmonary complications

Gentamicin A

Aspirin should not be combined with __ , as it causes platelet aggregation

Phenylbutazone

A Classical NSAIDs analgesic drug, part of the Indoleacetic Acid group that is the most popular for soft tissue rheumatism. Tx of Thrombophlebitis, pericarditis, Pleurisy , and various horse lameness.

It has a Uricosuric effect for gout Tx.

Do not use this to patients with congestive heart failure, cardiac, hepatic, renal failure, and blood diseases

Indomethacin

This Classical NSAIDs analgesic drug is a member of the Indoline family

Diclofenac and Eltenac

A classical NSAIDs analgesic drugs that are barely used, under the family of Thiophenacetic acids

Carprofen, Ketoprofen, Vedaprofen, Ibuprofen, and Naproxen

These classical NSAIDS analgesic drugs under the 2-Arylpropioinc acid family can be used on cats

Ibuprofen

These classical NSAIDS analgesic drugs under the 2-Arylpropioinc acid family cannot be used on dogs, because it leads to poisoning

Naproxen

These classical NSAIDS analgesic drugs under the 2-Arylpropioinc acid family can be used on dogs, cats, and horses, but not on animals for food consumption.

Tx for Rheumatic arthritic diseases, surgery pain, and typing-up syndrome in horses

Drug absorption is not affected even when there is food

Anthranilic acid

This classical NSAIDs analgesic drug group is used in dogs, cats and horses.

Not used in food-consumption animals.

Flunixin Meglumine

This classical NSAIDs analgesic, under anthranilic acid group, is the most potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor, used in endotoxin shock.

Meclofenamic acid

This classical NSAIDs analgesic, under anthranilic acid group, is ranked high in potency for relieving soft tissue pain (COX inhibitor)

Mefenamic acid

This classical NSAIDs analgesic, under anthranilic acid group, is ranked high in potency for soft tissue pain reliever, but has slow action. It is for Tx in Horses with bots, osteoarthritic diseases, and for improving dysplasia in dogs. Also used in Laminitis Tx

Tolfenamic acid

This classical NSAIDs analgesic, under anthranilic acid group, is used in dogs

Cinchophen

This classical NSAIDs analgesic, is seldom used in veterinary medicine, it is under the Quinolines group

Meloxicam, Piroxicam, and Tenoxicam

This classical NSAIDs analgesic drugs are under the group of Oxicams, all these drugs are anti-pyretic and analgesics

Dipyrone

This classical NSAIDs analgesic under the Pyrazolones group, including the member Isopyrin. This drug is widely used in equine for Tx in colic. Overdose leads to convulsion and may increase bleeding due to prothrombin suppression

Chlorpromazine

Dipyrone is contraindicated with __, resulting in hypothermia

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)

This classical NSAIDs analgesic under Para-ampinophenol group member is not recommended for cats, inhibits COX for Tx of toxicity by acetylcysteine

Other members are: Acetanilid and Acetophenetidin

Celecoxib

This NSAIDs analgesic, a Selective COX2 inhibitors (COXIB) type drug is used mostly by athletes, has high action.

other members of this group is: Deracoxib, Mavacoxib, Robenacoxib

COX Inhibiting Nitric Oxide Donors (CINODS)

These classical drugs which are NSAIDs analgesic, Inhibit COX1 and COX2 , and can donate nitric oxide for faster neuron reuptake such as nitroso esters of:
Aspirin, Indomethacin, and Phenylbutazone

Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug

These are hormones produced by Adrenal Gland like: Corticosteroids and Minera corticosteroids

Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Argon, and Nitrogen

An analgesic euthanizing agent, these drugs are inhalants, for animals physically difficult to handle

Barbiturates (Pentobarbital) , Embutramide, Propofol, Etomidate, Carfentanil, Etorphine, Xylazine, Detomidine, and Romifidine

These are injected euthanizing agents, for parenteral route like intracardiac

Barbiturates, Chloral hydrate, Benzodiazepines (Diazepam), and Ketamine

These are ingested euthanizing agents for wildlife, admin is per orem

Benzocaine, Etomidate, Quinaldine, Phenoxyethanol, and Metomidate

These are immersion (through water) euthanizing agents for white mice