Hass prep

What is constitutional right:

The Australian Constitution does not focus on human rights, but it includes a few important protections. Again, Australia does not have ‘a Bill of Human Rights’ unless the United States (where the first 10 Amendments of the US Constitution explicitly protect human rights).

Statutory Rights (Rights in Laws made by Parliament)

Many rights are protected by laws passed by Parliament. These are called statutes or Acts of Parliament .

Common Law Rights (From Judge Decisions)

In Australia, some human rights are protected through common law, which means they have been created and developed by judges in court decisions over time – not written directly in laws passed by Parliament. As Australia is a liberal democracy, Parliament holds the highest law-making authority. This means that common law protections can be overruled or changed by legislation, making them less secure than statutory rights (as per parliamentary supremacy!)

International Law

Australia has signed several international treaties on human rights. These treaties come from the United Nations.

What are examples of human rights?

Right to be born free and equal, right to not be discriminated, right to life, right to be free from slavery and torture, right to have rights, right to equality

What is general assembly?

All 193 UN countries meet here to talk and make decisions. Each country has one vote. They discuss global issues like peace, human rights, and development

What is security council?

Makes decisions to keep peace and stop wars. Can send peacekeepers or create sanctions. Its decisions must be followed by UN countries

What is UN Secretariat?

Carries out the work of the UN every day. Led by the Secretary-General. Prepares reports and helps with UN meetings and missions.

What is the Economic and Security Council?

Works on problems like poverty, education, and health. Coordinates with global groups (like WHO or UNICEF). Helps improve lives around the world.

What is International Court of Justice?

Settles legal disputes between countries. Based in The Hague, Netherlands. Only countries, not individuals, can take cases here.

What is the Trusteeship Council

Helped former colonies become independent countries. No longer meets because its job is finished. Last trust territory became independent in 1994.

What are charter of rights.

A Charter of Rights in Australia would be a legal document outlining fundamental human rights and freedoms, similar to a Bill of Rights.

What are 3 ways human rights can be protected in australia

1. Laws against discrimination – Australia has rules that stop unfair treatment based on things like race, gender, or disability. Examples include the Racial Discrimination Act and Sex Discrimination Act.

2. Constitutional rights – The Australian Constitution protects some rights, like freedom of religion and the right to vote. While there’s no official Bill of Rights, some legal protections exist.

3. Human rights organizations – Groups like the Australian Human Rights Commission help make sure people’s rights are respected. They investigate complaints and push for fair treatment.