English Midterm Terms Reivew

Writer

Part of the Rhetorical Situation, author of the source/text

Message

Part of the Rhetorical Situation, the writer’s claim, developed with reasoning and evidence

Purpose

Part of the Rhetorical Situation, what the writer hopes to accomplish

Exigence

Part of the Rhetorical Situation, inspires, stimulates, or provokes writer to create a text

Context

Part of the Rhetorical Situation, Time, Place, Occasion associated with a text

Audience

Part of the Rhetorical Situation, reader, listener that have shared and indivdual beliefs, values, needs, and backgrounds

Fact

Type of Evidence, a truth known by actual experience

Anecdote

Type of Evidence, a brief account of a particular indicent

Analogy

Type of Evidence, a comparison based upon similar feature of two things

Statistic

Type of Evidence, a numerical fact or set of data

Example

Type of Evidence, an example used to illustrate

Detail

Type of Evidence, a piece of information

Expert Opinion

Type of Evidence, testimony that comes from a credible source

Personal Observation

Type of Evidence, something that the writer has seen

Personal experience

Type of Evidence, something that the writer has firsthand knowledge of

Testimony

Type of Evidence, a statement made by someone who has experience but not necessarily as an expert

Experiment

Type of Evidence, an observation generated under a controlled condition

Beginning (Set-Up)

Part of the Narrative Arc, introduces character, sets mood, established conflict or tension

Middle (Blow-Up)

Part of the narrative Arc, moment of decision, pivotal moment, significant action

End (End-Up)

Resolution, Message, Shifts to insight, epiphany, understanding

Symbol

Type of Figurative Language, a concrete object that represents an idea

Image

Type of Figurative Language, language that expresses a sensory experience, such as sound, sight, smell, touch, or taste

Motif

Type of Figurative Language, several recurring related symbols or images that create a pattern to reinforce an idea

Metaphor

Type of Figurative Language, a comparison of two unrelated objects that assigns ideas to the points of comparison

Extended Metaphor

Type of Figurative Language, a comparison that is sustained throughout a text

Simile

Type of Figurative Language, a comparison of two unrelated objects using like or as that assigns ideas to the point of comparison

Allusion

Type of Figurative Language, an indirect or implied reference to literature, culture, religion, or history that connects a writer’s subject to a larger idea or meaning

Thesis

claim justified with reasoning

Pathos

Appeal to Emtion

Logos

Appeal to Logic

Ethos

appeal to credibility

Induction

starts specific, ends broad, thesis: at the end, used for audience with differing position

Deduction

starts broad, ends specific, thesis beginning, used for an audience with similar beliefs

Expository Argument

drawing conclusions, defining a term

Process Argument

explains process and steps through an essay

Synthesis Essay

FRQ 1, combining ideas given evidence

Rhetorical Choices Essay

FRQ 2, analyzing rhetorical choices in an passage, use verbs to describe choices

Argument Essay

arguing a position, no given evidence, have to use personal experience

FRQ Rubric

Thesis (1), Evidence & Commentary (4), Sophistication (1)