UNIT III Consciousness

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Psychology

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43 Terms

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High Track mind

Intentional thinking; aware of surroundings.

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Low track mind

Not exactly aware (e.g., driving, texting).

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Selective attention

The ability to switch attention, exemplified by the cocktail party effect.

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Unintentional blindness

Missing things outside of our primary focus.

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Change blindness

Missing subtle changes in our environment.

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Sleep cycle duration

Each sleep cycle lasts 90 minutes.

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Reasons for sleep

Protects our ancestors, restores and repairs the brain, strengthens memories, facilitates creative problem-solving, and activates growth hormones.

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Sleep debt

The need to catch up on lost sleep hours.

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Effects of no sleep

Loss of brain power, weight gain, increased illness, irritability, and feeling old.

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Consciousness

Awareness of ourselves, our environment, and mental thoughts.

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Biological rhythms

Rhythms that govern energy, appetite, and sleep.

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Circadian rhythms

The body's natural 24-hour cycle aligned with day and night.

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Ultradian rhythms

Yearly cycles, such as seasonal depression.

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Infradian rhythms

Infrequent rhythms, like the menstrual cycle.

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Melatonin

A hormone released by the suprachiasmatic nucleus in response to sunlight, causing sleepiness.

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Electroencephalograph (EEG)

A device that measures brain waves.

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Spindles

Irregular waves that spike during stage two sleep.

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Delta sleep

The heaviest stage of sleep.

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REM sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep characterized by active brain waves and paradoxical sleep.

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Sleep apnea

A condition where breathing stops several times a minute during sleep.

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Narcolepsy

A disorder characterized by sleep attacks and random sleep episodes.

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Somnambulism

The act of sleepwalking.

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Night terrors

Waking up scared without a clear reason.

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Psychoactive drugs

Substances that alter perceptions and mood.

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Dependence

Physical pain and cravings experienced in the absence of a drug.

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Withdrawal

Undesirable effects experienced upon stopping drug use.

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Tolerance

The need for increased drug dosage due to repeated exposure.

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Depressants

Substances that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

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Barbiturates

Depressants that reduce CNS activity, anxiety, and impair memory and judgment.

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Opiates

Highly addictive drugs like morphine and heroin that lessen pain and anxiety.

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Alcohol

A depressant affecting motor skills, judgment, and memory.

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Stimulants

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

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Ecstasy (MDMA)

A stimulant that can damage serotonin-producing neurons, affecting mood and memory.

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Cocaine

A stimulant that provides immediate euphoria followed by a crash.

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Hallucinogens

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images without sensory input.

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LSD

A powerful hallucinogenic drug known as acid.

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THC

The major active ingredient in marijuana.

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Examples of psychoactive drugs

Stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens.

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Examples of depressants

Alcohol, opiates, and barbiturates.

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Examples of stimulants

Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy, and amphetamines.

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Biological drug use

Genetic tendencies influencing drug use.

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Psychological drug use

Drug use stemming from lack of purpose or stress.

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Social cultural drug use

Drug use influenced by urban environments or peer pressure.