Grade 10 chemistry

diffusion

movement of atoms from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

boiling point

the temp of a liquid at which its vapour pressure equals the external pressure

melting point

the temp at which a solid, given sufficient heat, becomes a liquid

freezing point

the temp at which a liquid changes to a solid by the removal of heat

atomic number

number of protons in an atom

isotopes

atoms of the same element having the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

ionization energy

energy needed per mole to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous phase

electron affinity

energy released when an electron is attached to an atom or molecule to form a negative ion

electron negativity

a neasure if tendency of an atom ina molecule to attract bonding electrons

chemical bonding

a mutual attraction between tho atoms resulting from the simultaneous attraction between their nuclei and the outer electrons

covalent bond

sharing of electrons between atoms to form molecules

ionic bond

transfer of elevtrons to form cations and anions that attract each other to form a formula-unit

metallic bonding

the bond between positive ions and delocaliser valence electrons in a metal

empirical formula

simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound

Avrogadro's law

one mole of any gas occupiesthe same volume at the same temp and pressure