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Concept map
A diagram that displays the organization and relationship of concepts and ideas.
Visual-verbal illustrations
Ways of presenting information in a simple and attractive manner using graphs, maps, tables, infographics, charts, etc.
Graph
A diagram that shows the relationships of information presented, such as line graphs and bar graphs.
Line graph
A kind of graph that presents information trends using data dots connected by straight line segments.
Bar graph
A kind of graph that characterizes categorical data with rectangular bars of equal width.
Flowchart
An illustration that shows a step-by-step process.
Infographic
A combination of visual images and text presentation of specific information.
Map
A diagram or visual representation that shows the relative position of the parts of something.
Facts
Statements that are true and can be verified objectively or proven.
Opinion-marking signals
Group of words that introduces opinions and helps express and identify opinions.
Introductory words/phrases
Words or phrases used to share one's ideas or beliefs, such as "I think," "In my opinion," "Based on what I know," etc.
Opinion clues
Qualifiers or descriptive adjectives that indicate statements expressing opinions, such as "some," "most," "beautiful," "delicious," etc.
Expressing agreement
Phrases used to agree with someone's idea or opinion, such as "I agree," "That's true," "I think so too," etc.
Expressing disagreement
Phrases used to disagree with someone's idea or opinion, such as "I see your point, but," "I'm afraid I disagree," "Sorry, but I beg to disagree," etc.
Politely interrupting
Phrases used to interrupt a conversation politely, such as "I don't mean to intrude, but," "If I may interrupt," "Excuse me, but in my opinion," etc.
Multimodal Texts
Texts that require the processing of more than one method and the recognition of the interconnections between information.
Semiotic or Meaning Making Systems
Five broad systems used to create meaning - written-linguistic, visual, audio, gestural, and spatial patterns of meaning.
Live Multimodal Texts
Texts shown through combinations of different modes such as gestural, spatial, audio, and oral language.
Digital Multimodal Texts
Texts presented through dynamic combinations of various modes across written and spoken language, still and moving visual image, audio, gesture, and spatial communicative resources.
Opinion
A view or judgement formed in the mind about a particular topic or issue.
Literal Language
When words or phrases mean exactly what they are supposed to mean.
Hyperbole
The use of exaggeration or overstatement to emphasize a point.
Simile
A comparison of two different things using "as" and "like".
Metaphor
A direct comparison of two different things without using "as" and "like".
Euphemism
A mild or indirect expression or word that substitutes a crude, blunt, vulgar, embarrassing, hurtful, or unpleasant word.
Sarcasm
Language used to either annoy or mock someone, often used for humor.
Proverb
An old but familiar saying that usually gives advice.
Idiom
A phrase or expression whose meaning is different from the individual words.
Siamese cat
A breed of cat originating from Thailand, known for its distinctive coloration and blue eyes.
Rain Queen
A title given to the Siamese cat in the village, believed to have the power to bring rain during a drought.
Nang Maaw
An old Brahmo-Buddhist rain ceremony performed by the villagers to bring rain.
Rajah Sulayman
A brave Filipino who fought against Spanish oppression during his time.
Jose Rizal
A national hero of the Philippines who fought for freedom through his writings and activism.
Bayanihan spirit
The Filipino value of communal unity and cooperation, especially in times of crisis.
Modern-day heroes
Referring to health workers, soldiers, police, and community volunteers who work to help others, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Educated Filipino
An individual who possesses qualities and skills necessary for active participation in the progress of the country and the world.
Power to DO
The ability to translate reflection into action, emphasizing the importance of being proactive and contributing to society.
Hospitable people
Filipinos known for their warm and welcoming nature towards visitors.
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