Chapter 13: Acids and Bases

arrhenius theory

acid donate \[H+\] and base donate \[OH-\]

bronsted-lowry theory

acid donates proton and base accepts proton

binary acid

hydrogen bonded to single atom

strong acids ionize ____ in water

completely

weak acids ionize ____ in water

slightly

a weakly bonded hydrogen makes a ____ acid

strong

a strongly bonded hydrogen creates a ____ acid

weak

oxacids

acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and another element

strength of oxacids is determined by…

electronegativity of central atom and amount of oxygens per hydrogens in formula

polyprotic acids

acids that ionize more than once

anhydrides

acidic and basic anhydrides are compounds that become common acids and bases when added to water

neutralization reactions

occur when acids and bases react; produces a salt and water

amphiprotic

substance that both gains and loses protons

amphoteric

substance that can act as an acid and a base

Kw

autoionization constant of water

pH equation

pH = -log\[H+\]

Kw equation related to Ka and Kb

Kw = (Ka)(Kb)

sum of pH and pOH is always…

14

Buffer solution

weak acid or base with it’s salt

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

pH = pKa + log(\[A-\] /\[HA\])