AP PSYCH - States of Consciousness & Learning (Unit 5)

Alpha Waves

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Theta Waves

brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep

Delta Waves

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Beta Waves

small, fast brain waves associated with being awake, alert, and mentally active

NREM 1

Sleep Stage #1: (Sleep Onset) alpha>>>theta waves, light sleep, hypnic jerk, hypnagogic images (once a night for a few minutes)

NREM 2

Sleep Stage #2: characterized by its periodic sleep spindles, decreasing body temperature, bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain-wave activity, slowed breathing, and heart rate. about half the night is spent in this phase.

NREM 3/4

Sleep Stage #3 + 4: called slow-wave sleep, delta sleep, or deep sleep. vital for restoring body's growth hormones and good overall health, which is why it occurs in the first 30 min of sleep. plays a critical role in physicial growth (Pituitary) and physicial recovery

REM Sleep

Sleep Stage #5: Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

Sleep Apnea

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Narcolepsy

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. the sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

Sleepwalking

a sleep disorder that occurs during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or walking around in one's sleep. also known as somnambulism

Night Terror

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and apparent terror; unlike nightmares, night terrors are seldom remembered

Insomnia

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Circadian Rhythm

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

Withdrawl

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Dependence

a state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as for a drug

Withdrawl vs Dependence

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug VS. a state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as for a drug

Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

Sleep Stages

1, 2, 3, 4, REM