Studied by 2 peoplealchemists:
scientists who were interested in turning low-value materials such as lead into into high-value substances like gold
Robert Boyle
his work solidified the position that matter consisted of indivisible particles of elements, rejecting the Greek concept of matter as mixtures of the five basic elements
alchemists
scientists who were interested in turning low-value materials such as lead into into high-value substances like gold
Robert Boyle
his work solidified the position that matter consisted of indivisible particles of elements, rejecting the Greek concept of matter as mixtures of the five basic elements
Antoine Lavoisier
played a crucial role in our understanding of the elements; formed a list that included thirty-three elements known in his day
Jacob Berzelius
came up with a system that would become the accepted started
triads
a model of periodicity developed by Johann Döbereiner that is based on groups of three elements with similar properties
periodicity
the idea that properties of elements repeat in regular patterns in relation to some basic characteristic such as atomic mass or atomic number
law of octaves
the principle published by chemist John Newlands that stated that the properties of the forty-nine then-known elements repeated every eighth element, as in a musical octave
periodic law
the law that states that the properties of the elements vary with their atomic numbers in a regular, repeated pattern
periodic table of the elements
a table of the chemical elements arranged to display their periodic properties in relation to their atomic numbers
family
a column of elements in the periodic table having similar valence electron arrangement, resulting in similar valence
state
exist as a dense, ductile, malleable, lustrous solid
conductivity
are are highly conductive, electrically and thermally
reactivity
are reactive, especially with nonmetals
state
exist as a brittle solid with metallic luster
conductivity
are fairly conductive, increasingly so as temperature rises
reactivity
varies
state
exist as a gas, liquid, or a dull, brittle solid
conductivity
are poorly conductive, electrically and thermally
reactivity
varies
Alkali metals
An element in Group 1 of the periodic table, having one valence electron that it can easily lose to form a 1+ cation, making it extremely reactive; the most reactive of all the metals
Alkaline earth metal
An element in Group 2 of the periodic table, having two valence electrons that it tends to lose easily to become a 2+ cation, making it very reactive
Transitional metal
Any elements in Group 3-12 of the periodic table, typically having one or two valence electrons, which it easily loses, resulting in cations with charges of 1+ or 2+
Inner transitional metal
An element from either of two rows usually placed below the periodic table; a member of either the ianthahide or actinide series
Mixed group
Any of Groups 13-16 in the periodic table, so named because they contain metals, nonmetals, metalloids
Noble gas
An element in Group 18 on the periodic table having eight valence that fill the outer energy level
Electron dot notation
A representation of an atom consisting of its chemical symbol with surrounding dots representing its valence electrons
Atomic radius
The distance from the center of an atoms nucleus to its outermost energy level
Electronegativity
A measure of an elements ability to attract and hold electrons when bonded to other atoms
Antoine Lavoisier
played a crucial role in our understanding of the elements; formed a list that included thirty-three elements known in his day
triads
a model of periodicity developed by Johann Döbereiner that is based on groups of three elements with similar properties
periodicity
the idea that properties of elements repeat in regular patterns in relation to some basic characteristic such as atomic mass or atomic number
law of octaves
the principle published by chemist John Newlands that stated that the properties of the forty-nine then-known elements repeated every eighth element, as in a musical octave
periodic law
the law that states that the properties of the elements vary with their atomic numbers in a regular, repeated pattern
periodic table of the elements
a table of the chemical elements arranged to display their periodic properties in relation to their atomic numbers
family
a column of elements in the periodic table having similar valence electron arrangement, resulting in similar valence
Alkali metals
An element in Group 1 of the periodic table, having one valence electron that it can easily lose to form a 1+ cation, making it extremely reactive; the most reactive of all the metals.
Alkaline earth metal
An element in Group 2 of the periodic table, having two valence electrons that it tends to lose easily to become a 2+ cation, making it very reactive.
Transitional metal
Any elements in Group 3-12 of the periodic table, typically having one or two valence electrons, which it easily loses, resulting in cations with charges of 1+ or 2+
Inner transitional metal
An element from either of two rows usually placed below the periodic table; a member of either the ianthahide or actinide series. It typically has two valence electrons
Mixed group
Any of Groups 13-16 in the periodic table, so named because they contain metals, nonmetals, metalloids. These groups are often named for the first element in the family
Noble gas
An element in Group 18 on the periodic table having eight valence that fill the outer energy level. With a full outer energy level, it is inert
Note
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