scientists who were interested in turning low-value materials such as lead into into high-value substances like gold
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Robert Boyle
his work solidified the position that matter consisted of indivisible particles of elements, rejecting the Greek concept of matter as mixtures of the five basic elements
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alchemists
scientists who were interested in turning low-value materials such as lead into into high-value substances like gold
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4
Robert Boyle
his work solidified the position that matter consisted of indivisible particles of elements, rejecting the Greek concept of matter as mixtures of the five basic elements
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5
Antoine Lavoisier
played a crucial role in our understanding of the elements; formed a list that included thirty-three elements known in his day
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Jacob Berzelius
came up with a system that would become the accepted started
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triads
a model of periodicity developed by Johann Döbereiner that is based on groups of three elements with similar properties
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periodicity
the idea that properties of elements repeat in regular patterns in relation to some basic characteristic such as atomic mass or atomic number
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law of octaves
the principle published by chemist John Newlands that stated that the properties of the forty-nine then-known elements repeated every eighth element, as in a musical octave
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periodic law
the law that states that the properties of the elements vary with their atomic numbers in a regular, repeated pattern
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periodic table of the elements
a table of the chemical elements arranged to display their periodic properties in relation to their atomic numbers
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family
a column of elements in the periodic table having similar valence electron arrangement, resulting in similar valence
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state
exist as a dense, ductile, malleable, lustrous solid
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conductivity
are are highly conductive, electrically and thermally
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reactivity
are reactive, especially with nonmetals
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state
exist as a brittle solid with metallic luster
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conductivity
are fairly conductive, increasingly so as temperature rises
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reactivity
varies
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state
exist as a gas, liquid, or a dull, brittle solid
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conductivity
are poorly conductive, electrically and thermally
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reactivity
varies
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Alkali metals
An element in Group 1 of the periodic table, having one valence electron that it can easily lose to form a 1+ cation, making it extremely reactive; the most reactive of all the metals
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Alkaline earth metal
An element in Group 2 of the periodic table, having two valence electrons that it tends to lose easily to become a 2+ cation, making it very reactive
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Transitional metal
Any elements in Group 3-12 of the periodic table, typically having one or two valence electrons, which it easily loses, resulting in cations with charges of 1+ or 2+
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Inner transitional metal
An element from either of two rows usually placed below the periodic table; a member of either the ianthahide or actinide series
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Mixed group
Any of Groups 13-16 in the periodic table, so named because they contain metals, nonmetals, metalloids
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Noble gas
An element in Group 18 on the periodic table having eight valence that fill the outer energy level
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Electron dot notation
A representation of an atom consisting of its chemical symbol with surrounding dots representing its valence electrons
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Atomic radius
The distance from the center of an atoms nucleus to its outermost energy level
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Electronegativity
A measure of an elements ability to attract and hold electrons when bonded to other atoms
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Antoine Lavoisier
played a crucial role in our understanding of the elements; formed a list that included thirty-three elements known in his day
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32
triads
a model of periodicity developed by Johann Döbereiner that is based on groups of three elements with similar properties
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33
periodicity
the idea that properties of elements repeat in regular patterns in relation to some basic characteristic such as atomic mass or atomic number
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34
law of octaves
the principle published by chemist John Newlands that stated that the properties of the forty-nine then-known elements repeated every eighth element, as in a musical octave
New cards
35
periodic law
the law that states that the properties of the elements vary with their atomic numbers in a regular, repeated pattern
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36
periodic table of the elements
a table of the chemical elements arranged to display their periodic properties in relation to their atomic numbers
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37
family
a column of elements in the periodic table having similar valence electron arrangement, resulting in similar valence
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38
Alkali metals
An element in Group 1 of the periodic table, having one valence electron that it can easily lose to form a 1+ cation, making it extremely reactive; the most reactive of all the metals.
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Alkaline earth metal
An element in Group 2 of the periodic table, having two valence electrons that it tends to lose easily to become a 2+ cation, making it very reactive.
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Transitional metal
Any elements in Group 3-12 of the periodic table, typically having one or two valence electrons, which it easily loses, resulting in cations with charges of 1+ or 2+
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Inner transitional metal
An element from either of two rows usually placed below the periodic table; a member of either the ianthahide or actinide series. It typically has two valence electrons
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Mixed group
Any of Groups 13-16 in the periodic table, so named because they contain metals, nonmetals, metalloids. These groups are often named for the first element in the family
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Noble gas
An element in Group 18 on the periodic table having eight valence that fill the outer energy level. With a full outer energy level, it is inert
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