University Physics 1 Final Review

Cumulative Concept review for final University Physics Final

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Average Acceleration

the rate at which velocity changes

The equation for average acceleration is:

a = (vf - vi) / t

where a is the average acceleration, v_f is the final velocity, v_i is the initial velocity, and t is the time interval.

Instantaneous Acceleration

Acceleration at a specific instant in time

Find by taking the derivative of the velocity vs. time function.

a(t) = d/dt \* v(t)

Position (x)

where it is at any time

Displacement

change in position: x_final - x_initial

Average Velocity

total displacement over a change in time

v = change in x / elapsed time

Instantaneous Velocity

find by taking the derivative of position with respect to time

v(t) = d/dx \* x(t)

average speed

* a scalar quantity
* Total distance / elapsed time

Instantaneous speed

magnitude of velocity: |v(t)|

Solves for final velocity given acceleration and time

v_final = v_initial + at

Solves for x_final given constant acceleration

x_final = x_initial + v0(t) +1/2(a)(t^2)

Newton’s 1st Law

If there is no net external force acting on an object, then the object will not accelerate

* constant velocity = no net force

Newton’s 2nd Law (N2L)

the sum of individual forces acting on a force is equal to the acceleration of a mass

F = ma

F is the net force applied to an object

m is the mass of the object

a is the acceleration of the object.

Newton SI units

kg \* m/s

Inertia

ability for an object to resist change to its motion

newton's 3rd law

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that when one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force back on the first object.

centripetal acceleration

a = (v^2)/r

List steps to solving a N2L with Circular Motion

Problem

1. draw a free body diagram
2. sum the individual forces from the diagram
3. set sum of forces equal to +ma, -ma, or 0
4. plug in for centripetal acceleration
5. solve the system of equations

friction

a force that opposes motion

define static friction

in contact and stationary

define kinetic friction

in contact and moving relative to one another

magnitude of static friction is

less than or equal to the coefficient of static friction multiplied by N, the magnitude of normal force

magnitude of kinetic friction

is equal to the coefficient of kinetic friction multiplied by normal force

work

transfer of energy when force is applied

work SI units

joules (N/m)

energy

the capacity to make something happen

kinetic energy

energy of motion

kinetic energy formula

k = 1/2mv^2

kinetic energy is a

scalar

work-energy theorem

work done by a net force on an object equals the change in kinetic energy; use when force varies with position

positive net work means

object is speeding up

negative net work means

object is slowing down

momentum (p)

vector quantity of motion

p = mv

useful when determining object inertia