Integumentary System- Chapter 3.2

Eccrine

________ glands- the major sweat glands of the body, cover most of the body, open directly onto the skin.

Papillary Layer

________- dermal papillae that protrude from the surface up into the epidermis.

Epidermal Ridges

________- increases surface area for oxygen, diffusion from the dermis.

Integumentary system

________- largest organ of the body that forms a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves to protect and maintain (skin)

Albinism

________- prevents the normal production of melanin, and produces very little pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes.

Sebaceous glands

________- located all over the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, produce an oily substance called sebum.

Dust

________- (dead) cells that shed from the stratum corneum.

Melanocytes

________- produce melanin, a pigment that protects the body from harmful UV radiation.

sweat glands

Skin is also critically important in regulating body temperature, due to the extensive array of tiny capillaries and ________ that lie near the surface of the skin.

uric acid

Process of sweating- the body eliminates chemical waste products, including urea, ________, and salts.

Sebum

________- an oily and slightly waxy substance found on the skin, helps to keep the skin and hair softbut also contains chemicals that kill bacteria.

Keratin

________ and naturally occurring oils in the skin assist in serving as a water barrier, and ________ prevents water from entering the body during bathing or swimming.

Reticular Layer

________- collagen and elastic fibers in this region have an irregular arrangement, it includes blood and lymphatic vessels, sweat and oil glands, involuntary muscles, hair follicles, and nerve endings.

Keratinocytes

________- produce keratin.

Exposure

________ to sunlight causes melanocytes to produce more melanin.

Freckles

________- clusters of melanocytes.

Stratum Granulosum

________- produces a large amount of keratin, die eventually due to lack of oxygen.

epidermis

The ________ contains five layers of tissue.

Merkel cells

________- located in the stratum basale, function as touch receptors.

Stratum Lucidum

________- clear layer of dead, keratinized cells.

Melanin

________- primarily responsible for human skin color.

Stratum Basale

________- deepest layer with melanocytes.

Stratum Corneum

________- the oldest layer of cells.

dendritic cells

Epidermal ________- respond to the presence of foreign bacteria or viruses by initiating an immune system response.

keratin

a tough protein also found in hair and nails that adds structural strength, helps to protect the skin against damage

keratinocytes

produce keratin

Melanocytes

produce melanin, a pigment that protects the body from harmful UV radiation

Melanin

primarily responsible for human skin color

Freckles

clusters of melanocytes

Process of sweating

the body eliminates chemical waste products, including urea, uric acid, and salts

sudoriferous glands

distributed in the dermis over the entire body (sweat glands)

eccrine glands

the major sweat glands of the body, cover most of the body, open directly onto the skin

sebaceous glands

located all over the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, produce an oily substance called sebum

sebum

an oily and slightly waxy substance found on the skin, helps to keep the skin and hair softbut also contains chemicals that kill bacteria

Epidermis

the surface epithelium of the skin, overlying the dermis

Stratum Corneum

the oldest layer of cells

dust

(dead) cells that shed from the stratum corneum

Stratum Lucidum

clear layer of dead, keratinized cells

Epidermal Ridges

increases surface area for oxygen, diffusion from the dermis

Stratum Granulosum

produces a large amount of keratin, die eventually due to lack of oxygen

Stratum Spinosum

cells begin forming desmosomes to attach to each other in layers

Stratum Basale

deepest layer with melanocytes

Merkel cells

located in the stratum basale, function as touch receptors

Epidermal dendritic cells

respond to the presence of foreign bacteria or viruses by initiating an immune system response

Dermis

 thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis which forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures

Papillary Layer

dermal papillae that protrude from the surface up into the epidermis

Reticular Layer

collagen and elastic fibers in this region have an irregular arrangement, it includes blood and lymphatic vessels, sweat and oil glands, involuntary muscles, hair follicles, and nerve endings

Hypodermis (subcutaneous fascia)

a storage repository for fat