geography — dynamic development

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39 Terms

1

development

a change which improves the quality of life for people

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2

3 economic development indicators

  • GNI per capita

  • HDI

  • % in primary jobs

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3

3 social development indicators

  • life expectancy

  • HDI

  • % in primary jobs

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4

2 environmental development indicators

  • deforestation rates

  • environmental protection laws

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5

GDP

gross domestic product

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6

GDP per capita

GDP ÷ population of country

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7

GNI

gross national income

shows the total value of goods, services and income from overseas produced by a country in a year

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8

advantages of GNI per capita

  • easy to classify

  • shows something about economic level of development within the country

  • calculates value of currency in country

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9

disadvantages of GNI per capita

  • only measures economic development

  • can be innacurate as countries have different populations

  • hides inequalities in wealth

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10

birth rate

number of alive babies born per 1000 of the population per year

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11

death rate

number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year

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12

life expectancy

average age a person can expect to live up to

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13

infant mortality rate

the number of babies who die under 1 year old per 1000 babies born

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14

literacy rate

% of adults who can read and write

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15

HDI

human development index shows the sum of human development

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16

give 2 advantages and 1 disadvantage of HDI

  • includes 3 measures, not just 1

  • updated annually

  • based of averages

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17

happy index

a measure that shows sustainable wellbeing

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18

The Brandt Line

The concept of the north being rich and the south being poor, it was Introduced in the 1980s

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19

BRICS

Britain, Russia, India, China and South Africa

by 2050 they’d have the biggest economies

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20

MINTS

Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey, (S)

in 2014, these were identified as being the next large economies

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21

4 features of low income developing countries (LIDCs)

  • GNI per capita is low

  • low standard of living

  • low level of development

  • rely mainly on agriculture

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22

4 features of emerging and developing countries (EDCs)

  • getting richer

  • exports of manufactured goods high

  • health facilities, education and transport improving

  • standard of living improves

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23

4 features of advanced countries (ACs)

  • high GNI per capita

  • high standard of living

  • lots of money to spent on improving education, transport and healthcare

  • high life expectancy

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24

4 factors affecting development

  • corruption of government

  • debt limits investment in development

  • landlocked countries find it harder to directly go to sea, making trade hard

  • harsh climates and frequent disasters can cause slow development

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25

debt

happens when a country borrows money to pay for goods and services, smaller GNI means the worse debt is

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26

landlocked country

a country which is surrounded entirely by land

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27

trade

buying and selling goods/ services between countries

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28

visible trade

the buying and selling of materials/ goods which can be counted or weighed

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29

invisible trade

buying and selling of services

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30

trade surplus

country exports more than it imports

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31

trade deficit

country imports more than it exports

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32

what are 3 things population pryaminds can show?

  • total population

  • life expectancy

  • death rate

  • birth rate

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33
<p>if a population pryamid is a rectangular shape, it is most likely an ____</p>

if a population pryamid is a rectangular shape, it is most likely an ____

AD

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34
<p>if a population pryamid is a hill shape it is most likely an ____</p>

if a population pryamid is a hill shape it is most likely an ____

EDC

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35
<p>if a population pryamid is a triangle shape, it is most likely a ______</p>

if a population pryamid is a triangle shape, it is most likely a ______

LIDC

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36

4 development strategies

  • top-down, large scale projects led by governments

  • bottom-up, smaller scale projects led by communities

  • fair trade, fair prices for producers in LIDCS

  • debt relief and sustainable development goles, a programme which aims to cancel out all debt for LIDCS

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37

trans national company (TNC)

a global company which can be found all over the world

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38

4 advantages of TNCs

  • provide jobs, technology and infrastructure investment

  • company and workers pay tax which produces income for gov

  • produce goods more efficiently and cheaper, reducing cost to customer

  • creates a stable government

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39

4 disadvantages of TNCs

  • TNCS prioritise money before workers or consumers

  • some can pollute environment

  • some TNCS exploit workers

  • new tech and employment, leading cultures to be lost and forgotten

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