WHIB Kosovo

Countries in Yugoslavia

Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia

Yugoslavia in WWII

Occupied by Nazis

Croatian Resistance Groups in WWII

• Chetniks, led by Draza Mihailovic

• Partisans, led by Josip Broz Tito

Which WWII resistance group did the Allies back?

First the Chetniks, then the Partisans

What happened to the Chetniks after WWII?

Banished to Botswana by Tito

Bandang Conference

1955 meeting of African and Asian countries to discuss non-alignment

UDBA

Yugoslavian Secret Police

Operation Gvardijan

1947-8 UDBA operation to prevent ex-Utase groups from revolting

Josip Broz TIto

Leader of the Partisans and then Yugoslavia from 1945-80

Franjo Tudman

Croatian nationalist, president of Croatia 1990-9

Croatian Spring

1967-71 Croatian airing of grievances leading to Tito forcing the leadership of the SKH to resign

League of Communists of Croatia (SKH)

Government of Croatia in Yugoslavia

Tito-Stalin Split

• Conflict between Tito and Stalin.

• Tito sent Stalin-sympathizers to Goli Otok

• Stalin tried to have Tito assassinated.

Goli Otok

Prison island used for political prisoners in Yugoslavia

Socialist Self-Management

Concept implemented by Tito giving workers decision making power

5th Congress

Yugoslavian congressional session that promoted socialist self-management

Non-Aligned Movement

Countries not siding with the US or USSR

Balkan Pact

1953 pact between Yugoslavia (non-aligned), Turkey (NATO), and Greece (NATO) to guard against potential Soviet invasion

Imran Nagy

Hungarian communist who had been granted asylum by Tito, but was executed by Stalin

Tito & the 40th Anniversary of the October Revolution

Tito boycotted the celebration

Vojvodina

Province of Serbia given self-government under the 1974 constitution

Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church

Catholic church in Yugoslavia, given more freedom after 1966 reconciliation between Yugoslavia and the Vatican

Tito’s Slogan

Brotherhood and Unity

Yugoslav Wars

Series of wars from 1991-2001 centering around the breakup of Yugoslavia

Primary Religion of Serbia

Orthodoxy Christianity

Bosnian War

• 1992-5

• Bosnia fought for independence

• Ended w/ Dayton Accords

• Resulted in independent Bosnia & Herzegovina

Belligerents in the Bosnian War

• Republic of Bosnia & Herzegovina (mainly Bosniak)

• Croatia

• Republika Srpska and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (mainly Serbian)

Bosniaks

Bosnian ethnic group that practices Islam

Starri Most

Ottoman bridge in Bosnia that was destroyed during the Bosnian War by Croatian forces

Slobodan Milosevic

• Serbian president 1989-97

• Yugoslav president 1997-2000

• Exploited ethnic tensions

Croatian War of Independence

• 1991-5 war between Croatia and Yugoslavia

• Ended with Sarajevo Agreement

• Resulted in independent Croatia

Kosovo War

• 1998-9

• FR Yugoslavia vs KLA

• Ended after NATO air strikes

• Resulted in Kosovo’s independence

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Serbia and Montenegro

Kosovo Liberation Army

Kosovar army that fought the Kosovo War

Insurgency in Kosovo

• 1995-8

• KLA began attacking government buildings

• Resulted from Kosovo being left out of Dayton Accords

Operation Allied Force

NATO operation air striking FR Yugoslavia

Srebrenica Massacre

• 1995 massacre of 8,000 Bosniaks

• Led by Ratko Mladic

• In UN safe zone

UNPROFOR

UN force protecting safe zones

Ratko Mladic

Leader of the Army of Republika Srpska, led Srebrenica Massacre

Republika Srpska

Serbian statelet in Bosnia

Radovan Karadzic

President of Republika Srpska during the Bosnian War

ICTY

International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia, created by Dayton Accords

SANU Memorandum

Serbian memorandum claiming Yugoslavia discriminated against Serbs in Kosovo.

Kosovo Verification Mission

Mission to Kosovo to monitor and prevent genocide

William Walker

Leader of the Kosovo Verification Mission

Racak Massacre

Serbian forces killed 45 Albanian civilians. Led to NATO bombings

Rambouillet Agreement

Proposed peace agreement between Serbia and Kosovo in 1999. Serbia’s refusal to sign it led to Operation Allied Force.

Clinton-Lewinsky Scandal

Bill Clinton had an affair. Encouraged Clinton to use Kosovo to distract from the scandal.

Wesley Clark

NATO Supreme Allied Commander during bombing of Serbia

UN stance on bombing Serbia

Vetoed by Russia

Identity Cleansing

Serbian practice of stripping Kosovar refugees of identity documents to make it harder for them to return.

Operation Horseshoe

Unverified Serbian operation to expel Kosovar

KFOR

Kosovo Force, NATO troops in Kosovo to demilitarize and ensure peace

Russia’s Involvement in Peace

Russian diplomat encouraged peace, Milosevic invited to Moscow by Boris Yeltsin. Done because Russia was in economic turmoil and wanted western aid.

Operation Allied Harbour

NATO humanitarian aid

Chinese Embassy

Bombed on accident, 3 died

Convoy of Kosovar Refugees

Bombed on accident, 80 died

Controversy over NATO Bombing

Not approved by UN, first time NATO was doing actual combat

Serbian War Crimes

Using Red Cross vehicles for military purposes.