Exam 1 Nursing profession

primary roles of nurses

caregiver

communicator

teacher/educator

counselor'

leader

researcher

advocate

collaborator

Healthy people main goal

health promotion

healthy people 2030 (5 goals)

Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.

Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all.

Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining full potential for health and well-being for all.

Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages.

Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all.

Florence Nightingale 19 century

founder of modern nursing

documented her practices and progress of her patients which was a relatively new practice at the time

nursing as art and science

differentiated nursing from medicine

nursing education

Recognizing that nutrition is important to health

Instituting occupational and recreational therapy for sick people

nursing researcher and author

what war propelled the profession of nursing to a great degree

WWII

Clara Barton

established Red Cross 1882,

volunteer to treat/ feed soldiers in Civil War

Ernestine Wiedenbach

Nursing as an art; nursing is providing nurturing care to patients.

Virginia Henderson

“Virginia lends a hand to help”

The patient is a person who requires help to reach independence.

Ida Jean Orlando

The nurse reacts to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal expression of needs both to understand the meaning of the distress and to know what is needed to alleviate it.

Jean Watson (1979)

P P/R, C

Nursing is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and caring for the sick.

Dorothea Orem 1971

S/C

Self-care is a human need; self-care deficits require nursing actions.

Erikson’s psychosocial development

people develop throughout their whole lifespan

8 distinct stages

include cultural and social influences in addition to biological processes.

based on some of Freud’s research

Maslow Hierarchy of needs

pyramid depiction

physiological needs (air, water, food) at base must be satisfied 1st before other needs are met

Maslow hierarchy needs list

order of importance

1.base of pyramid: physiological

2. safety and security

3. love and belonging

4. self esteem

5. self actualization: achieving full potential, creative outlets

Types of knowledge: traditional

passed down from generation to generation

“we’ve always done it this way”

bed clothes changes everyday even though there is no medical evidence to support the reasoning for this

Types of knowledge: authoritative

an established RN showing a new RN how to do a procedure

Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the person’s perceived expertise

The senior nurse has gained knowledge through experience, and the new graduate nurse accepts it as truth based on the perceived authority of the experienced nurse.

scientific knowledge

obtained through the scientific method

According to Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2021),

P P O

P

F

A

“Nursing incorporates the art and science of caring

and focuses on the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities

prevention of illness and injury;

facilitation of healing;

alleviation of suffering through compassionate presence.

health promotion : primary

PREVENTION

lifestyle that promote prevention: exercise, smoking cessation, healthy diet, safe sex, good sleep, wearing seatbelts, healthy sleep…..

Health promotion : secondary

EARLY DETECTION

this stage you would get a screening: BP, Mammogram, skin cancer

Health promotion: tertiary

begins AFTER an illness is diagnosed and treated,

with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning.

Four blended competencies of nursing

C T I E/L

cognitive

technical

interpersonal

ethical/legal

MS Nursing Competency

circle diagram from notes

what Holmes models of nursing is based on

patient centered care

quality improvement

EBP

systems based practice

professionalism

leadership

information and technology

communication

teamwork and collaboration

safety

Nursing research (PICO)

P: patient/problem

I: intervention

C: comparison

O: outcome

health

it is an active process in which a person moves toward their maximum potential.

state of physical , emotional, spiritual well being

not just absence of disease

wellness

a term often used interchangeably with health—is an active state of being healthy, including living a lifestyle that promotes good physical, mental, and emotional health.

Agent Host Environment Model

agent (disease)

Host (person)

Environment

looks at the relationship between these three and how the host is at risk of being sick

dimension health model

mental

emotional

physical

sociocultural

spiritual

environmental

intellectual

HMO

A type of health insurance plan that usually limits coverage to care from doctors who work for or contract with the HMO

subscribers have to choose from a list of covered providers

PPO

A type of health plan that contracts with medical providers, such as hospitals and doctors,