AP HuG - Unit 2, Chapter 3 Vocab

Intervening Opportunity

opportunity encountered along the migration stream that keeps a migrant from getting to the metropolis that impelled them to move in the first place

Transhumance

a system of pastoral farming where ranchers move livestock according to the seasonal availability of pastures

Asylum

the right to protection in the first country in which the refugee arrives

Pull Factors

the circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales from other places, the decision of where to go

Chain Migration

migration that flows along and through kinship links

International Migration

Permanent movement from one country to another

Distance Decay

the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions; prospective migrants are likely to have more complete perceptions of nearer places than of farther ones

Kinship Links

Communication strengthens their role of push/pull factors

Russification

sought to assimilate all the people in the Soviet territory into the Russian culture, during the communist period, by encouraging people to move out of Moscow and St. Petersburg and fill in the country

Nomadism

a lifestyle in which a community has no fixed or permanent settlement

Islands of Development

place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure

Repatriation

a process by which the UNHCR helps return refugees to their homelands once violence and persecution subside

Periodic Movement

form of migration that involves intermittent but recurrent movement; going to college or service in the military

Cyclic Movements

Regular journey that begins at a “home base” and returns to the exact same place

Step Migration

Migration streams consist of a series of stages

Remittances

the funds that migrants send back to their home countries, often to support family members or communities

Internal Migration

Permanent movement within a particular country

Deportation

The act of a government sending a migrant out of their country back to their own country

Immigration Wave

swells in migration from one origin to the same destination

Refugees

a person who has a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion

Genocide

acts against specific groups of people (ethnic, racial, religious, cultural, disabled, etc.) for the purpose of eradicating or destroying the existence of that particular group

Quotas

a law that places maximum limits on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year

Forced Migration

the involuntary movement of individuals or groups away from their home or country due to factors such as conflict, persecution, natural disasters, or economic hardship

Push Factors

the conditions and perceptions that help the migrant decide to leave a place

Gravity Model

Predicts interaction between places on the basis of their population size and distance between them