Greek Test - things to study

What was the name for an ancient Greek city-state?

Polis

What was the name of the market place in most Greek cities?

Agora

On what hill would you find the Parthenon?

Acropolis

Who was the patron goddess of Athens?

Athena

What type of government did Athens have? 

Direct democracy

What vocab term were the wealthy elite in most Greek city states?

Aristocrats

Who was the Athenian leader during the Golden Age of Athens?

Pericles

What were the dates of the Golden Age of Athens?

479-431 B.C.E

What were the two warring sides during the Persian War?

Persia and Greece.

What was the Parthenon?

A temple built on the acropolis to honor Athena. It was built on a long rectangular platform.

Where did the Greeks go to find insights about the future?

The Oracle of Delphi. It was believed that these oracles were spoken through directly by the gods.

What was the pythia?

An oracle that predicted the future. It was at the Temple of Delphi. It went into a trance and people had to interpret their obscure message.

Where did the major gods live (in Greek belief)? How many major gods were there?

12 major gods lived on top of Mt. Olympus.

How many types of Greek columns?

3

Doric column

Simple with no base, slimmer to top

Ionic

Thin with a base and scrolls carved into the top.

Corinthian

Complex with leaf carvings at the top.

What is Philosophy

Love of wisdom, and asking difficult questions like why are we here and what happens after death.

Who were some important philosophers?

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Why was Socrates sentenced to death?

He was constantly asking questions, and his enemies falsely accused him of not honoring the gods and leading young people into error and disloyalty.

Describe a Greek theater

Shaped like a bowl so that everyone could hear what was said. The seats rose in a semicircle around a stage at the bottom of the bowl, and there was scenery painted on canvases that hung behind the actors.

Two important sports festivals?

Panatheanic games + Olympics

Who were the metics?

Foreign born free men and women. Could not own land or vote.

Where was Sparta’s location

A peninsula in southern Greece, the Peloponnesus.

Why was Sparta’s government an oligarchy?

the ruling power was in the hands of a few people.

Who were the helots?

People from conquered lands who were forced to live and work on their former farmland.

What were Sparta’s views on trade?

Trade was unnecessary, and they discouraged it

How did Sparta’s economy grow?

Farming and from conquests of other people.

What were some important exports from Athens?

Wine, olive oil, silver, and pottery.

What were some important imports to Athens?

Metals, furs, and grain.

What was a hoplite?

A foot soldier

What was a phalanx?

a powerful formation with hoplites working as a team.

What was a trireme?

A Greek warship

How many years did a Greek soldier prepare for battle?

23

What did a Greek soldier use for battle?

Sword, spear, shield

What could Spartan women do?

Speak with their husband’s friends, own and control property, remarry.

What could Athenian women do?

Own land, be a hetaera, and spin/weave/embroider.

What type of society was Sparta?

Militaristic

What type of society was Athens?

Democratic

What were some warring states?

Athens and Sparta

What league was Athens in?

Delian league

What league was Sparta in?

Peloponnesian league