Chemistry Laboratory Techniques

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to laboratory techniques in chemistry experiments.

Recrystallization

A method to purify a solid compound by dissolving it in a hot solvent and allowing it to slowly crystallize.

Hot Filtration

A process used to remove insoluble impurities from a solution using fluted filter paper.

Decolorization

The addition of activated charcoal to a solution to adsorb colored impurities.

Melting Point Analysis

A technique to confirm identity and purity of a compound; a broad range indicates impurities.

Partition Coefficient (K)

A ratio used to calculate the distribution of a compound between organic and aqueous layers.

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)

A technique used to separate and identify compounds based on polarity, measured by Rf value.

E1 Elimination Mechanism

A reaction mechanism involving protonation of alcohol, leading to the formation of alkenes.

Simple Distillation

A technique used to separate components with large boiling point differences, typically greater than 25°C.

Fractional Distillation

A technique for separating components with small boiling point differences, usually less than 25°C.

Oxidative Cleavage

A reaction that breaks carbon-carbon bonds using oxidizing agents such as H₂O₂ to form acids.

What is evaporation?

Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas, typically when heated by the sun.

What is condensation?

Condensation is the process by which water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water, forming clouds.

What is precipitation?

Precipitation is any form of water, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls from clouds to the Earth's surface.

What is collection in the water cycle?

Collection is the process where water gathers in bodies like rivers, lakes, and oceans after precipitation.