APUSH Ch 1

APUSH Coach Boone

Inter Caetera

All the west of the Azores was Spain, portugal protested

Treaty of Tordesillas

Moved the Inter Caetera 300 miles to the west

Giovanni de Verrazano

Italian explorer sent by England’s King Henry VII to explore the northeastern coast of North America in 1497 and 1498.

Juan Ponce de Leon

Discovered Florida

Ferdinand Magellan

First crew to circumnavigate the globe, 5 ships, 300 men, named the Pacific Ocean, killed in the Philippines. Named pacific ocean (peace) and phillipines (king phillip)

Francisco Coronado

Explored western Mexico and western United States: Arizona & Colorado

Vasco Nunez Balboa

Discover the pacific ocean

John Cabot

Italian explorer sent by England’s King Henry VII to explore the northeastern coast of North America in 1497 and 1498. (Same person as giovanni)

Bartholameu Dias

discovered cape of good hope.=

Hernando de Soto

Lieutenant of Pizarro’s men, became governor of Cuba, 1539, 9 ships, 620 men, and nine priests, merchants, scientists, 220 horses, landed in Florida, the weather was horrible, met natives were brutal with them, defiled sacred areas, went up through different areas, discovered the Mississippi River, crossed the river, saw the FIRST CATFISH, crossed into Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and went to Hot Springs. Died of fever, and men conceal death, so natives don't attack them.

Francisco Pizarro

Conquers Incas in 1532

Hernan Cortés

Conquistador from Spain; established colonies in Cuba, expedition into Mexico with 100 sailors, 530 sailors, 11 ships, and 13

Malinche

spoke mayan and nahuatl was a noble daughter of king or possibly a slave. Escorted and translated for the Spanish

Jacques Cartier

the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River

Moctezuma

Aztec emperor, full boxed by spanish

Leif Erikson

Explored North America, founded Camp L’Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, failed cause of hostile natives known as skraelings.

Vasco de Gama

Discovered trade winds, went up the East African Coast, and into India.

Fr. Junipero Serra

Franciscan Friar, est. 21 missions in California

Geronimo de Aguilar

Rescued by cortez, captured by local Mayans, franciscan friar, spoke spanish and Mayan

Amerigo Vespucci

America named after this sigma

Caravel

Portuguese ship; faster, more seaworthy ship

Lateen Sails

Roman Sails; small sails used to direct wind into the main sail(s), allowed for exploration of trade winds.

Three sister farming

Corn squash beans

Dead reckoning

Dropping an object off the front of the ship, recording the time it takes for it to reach the back of the ship, and using that to calculate the speed of the ship. R=d/t

Riding the latitudes

Sailing north and south until they reached the desired parallel, then going straight across; this was used to travel efficiently in uncharted territories.

Colombian Exchange

New to old: Corn, potatoes, Cocoa Beans, lots of gold & silver, pineapples, tomatoes, syphilis.

Old to new: Wheat, Sugar, Rice, Horses, Cows, Pigs, Diseases (Influenza, Measles, Plague, smallpox, typhus.

Columbus and voyages

In 1492, Columbus approached Queen Isabella of the Iberian Peninsula and asked for permission to sail. He is allowed to voyage.

1st voyage: Columbus gets 3 ships, the Pinta, Nina, and Santa Maria. On August 3rd 1492, he left for the Canary Islands. He left the Canary Islands September 6th. On October 12th at 2:00 am, land was spotted by the man in the crow’s nest. Columbus took the credit for the discovery, allowing him to receive the money. On Christmas Day, the Santa Maria broke down on shore, so they used the parts to make the fort called La Navidad. He left 39 of his men to stay behind at the Fort. He also took back 20 natives.

Second Voyage: Known as his greatest voyage, he brought 17 ships and 1200 men, all with the intention of claiming as much as possible. He goes back to La Navidad, but all 39 men left behind were dead, and the fort was burned down. Columbus demands tribute from the natives (25 lbs of cotton). If they didn't meet the quota, their hands were chopped off. Columbus and his crew saw the natives as expendable, so much so that the pre-Columbus population was about 1,000,000, and by 1531 there were only 600 left. This was his black legacy. The Taino (the natives) were killed off mostly by disease.

3rd Voyage: Columbus and his brother were sent home in chains. They were stripped of all land after this, but Columbus appealed to the king and got it back.

4th Voyage: Columbus tried to warn the governor of Hispaniola that a hurricane was coming. He sent 30 ships anyway, of which only 1 survived. Columbus later got caught in a different hurricane and was stranded on Jamaica for a year in 1503. The governor knew, and said nothing.

Cortés and the Aztecs

In 1506, Cortés moved to Hispaniola, and then in 1509, he moved to Cuba. There, he learned that there was a richer empire north. He recruited 530 men to go on an expedition, but the governor withdrew permission. Hernan Cortés was already gone, though. He sailed to the Yucatan Peninsula and found Geronimo de Agular, a Franciscan Friar. Geronimo spoke Spanish and learned Mayan. The voyagers come across a tribe, and Cortés receives a noblewoman named Malinche, who helps to translate. She spoke Nahuatl and Mayan. The group named her Dona Marina. Cortés landed at Vera Cruz on April 20th, 1519, and burned their own ships to make sure they’d only return wealthy. Moctezuma thought that Cortés was Quetzalcoatl or a messenger of Quetzalcoatl, so they were welcomed into Tenochtitlan in November 1519. Cortés gathered a ton of gold from the natives, but wanted more, so they took Moctezuma hostage. Cortés hears news that people are looking for him: it was Cuba, and they had sent 900 soldiers to bring him back. Cortés flees Tenochtitlan to go and meet them, and they fight the Cuban forces. They compromise to share the gold. After Cortés left, 200 Tenochtitlan civilians were ordered to be murdered, so the Spanish had to flee. Moctazuma died during this (June 1520). On a night known as La Noche Triste (“sad night”), the Spaniards try to flee, but the bridge they were on collapses, killing half of the Spaniards. Cortés attacked Tenochtitlan, and within 80 days, the Tenochtitlan surrendered, and this is known as the fall of Tenochtitlan and the Aztec Empire as a whole.