US History - Second Mid-Semester Test Significance

not definitions!!

Vertical Integration

One part of the ways industries gained money and grew

Robber Barons

Used to describe successful industrialists who were seen as “unethical.”

The Gilded Age

The nation was rapidly expanding its economy (railroads, coal mining, factories)

Social Darwinism

Used to justify the accumulation of wealth, racism, and imperialism

Great Railroad Strike

After striking, the members of _____ were forced to go back to work by the president.

Social Gospel

Took the church into the community to help with housing in poor areas

Haymarket Affair

Showed America’s line between free speech and protest they no longer support

Dawes Act

Attempted cultural removal through assimilation of Native Americans by the U.S. government

Ghost Dance

This terrified US officials, and eventually was used as justification for the wounded knee massacre.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Banned businesses from colluding or merging to form a monopoly but it was also used to break up unions and punish strikers

Populists

People who believed an idea and appealed to emotion rather than reason and they almost always implied a conspiracy

Atlanta Compromise

**To encourage African Americans to temporarily accept the status quo in order to advance economically to the point that white communities would accept Black people as equal in business and eventually would have equality**

Disenfranchisement

Loss of voting rights

Plessy v Ferguson

Made "separate but equal", also known as segregation, as constitutional

New Immigrants

Came from Southern and Eastern Europe, and did not receive a warm welcome because of nativism and racism

Chinese Exclusion Act

First large law that restricted immigration into the United States of an ethnic working group. 

Progressivism

 A faith in government power and the belief that we can use that power to regulate society so that more people can realize their full potential

Socialist Party

Political party fighting for public control of the means of production

Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies)

It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.

Collective bargaining

**Attempts by labor unions to negotiate favorable working conditions for their members.**

Society of American Indians

Exposed challenges to the public to get justice, and brought Native Americans together

Referendum

Designed to increase public influence of policy

Recall

Greater democracy for the public through removal of politicians who had lost the trust of the public

Settlement House

Provided educational, and recreational social services to immigrants

Pure Food and Drug Act

A key piece of Progressive Era legislation to regulate what we put into our bodies

Lusitania

The German attack on the ___________ helped bring the United States into World War One//  The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s plan to achieve “peace without victory”

War Industries Board

U.S. government regulation of production to support the war effort

Eighteenth Amendment

Progressive effort to speed assimilation through temperance

Espionage and Sedition Acts

In an effort to mobilize the country for war, Congress passed the Sedition Act of 1918.

NAACP

Civil rights organization founded to fight prejudice, lynching, Jim Crow segregation, and inequality

(Two) Great Migrations

The ____ aggravated racial tensions throughout the United States

Tulsa Riot

Massacre of highly successful Black people by white people

Marcus Garvey

Promoter of Black nationalism who was deported by the U.S. government who saw in him a threat to white power

Versailles Treaty

Ended the war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Punished Germany, which set the stage for World War II

League of Nations

Part of Wilson’s plan to achieve peace without victory

Flapper

They were considered the first generation of independent American women, flappers pushed barriers in economic, political and sexual freedom for women.

Scopes Trial

Tennessee trial pitting Christian Fundamentalism against Darwins theory of evolution

Harlem Renaissance

African American literary and cultural movement celebrating Black culture

Great Depression

Major economic downturn that was overcome with massive government spending to put people to work and to fight in World War Two

Stock Market Crash

Revealed severe problems in the economy while simultaneously ending the unbounded optimism of the Roaring 20s

New Deal

FDR’s plan for relief, recovery and reform to end the Great Depression.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

This relief program employed single, young men by putting them to work on various building and beautifying projects around the nation.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Government-financed construction projects for use by the public. Hospitals, Airports, Electricity, Powered dams, Aircraft carriers, etc.

Tennessee Valley Authority

Massive infrastructure project that brought reliable electricity to Appalachia.

Agricultural Adjustment Act

This plan relied on farmers to work with the government to bring up the price of food products.

Federal Housing Administration

Created by the government to promote home ownership by offering discount mortgages with government backing.

Share Our Wealth Movement

Huey Long’s program was a response to some of the shortcomings of the New Deal.

Works Progress Administration

Government program employing artists, scholars, and manual laborers to help relieve unemployment during the Great Depression

Social Security Act

Its pension plan was one of the most heavily criticized New Deal programs

Scottsburo Case

Revealed the heightened racial tensions of the Great Depression

Isolationism

Belief that the United States should avoid foreign entanglements and involvement in foreign wars.

Lend-Lease Act

Modification of the Neutrality Acts that allowed FDR to supply the Allies with materials and weapons

GI Bill of Rights

Government support of veterans that was typically reserved for white males

Zoot Suit Riots

White mob violence direct toward Latinos

Korematsu v. United States

Supreme Court decision upholding the internment of Japanese Americans

Double V

Victory over racism abroad and at home

Manhattan Project

Secret undertaking that revealed the potential promise and destructive power of atomic energy

United Nations

Rooted in liberal internationalism as pioneered by the League of Nations

NNM

A movement to celebrate Black pride, showcasing Black talent, and raising awareness about Black struggles through the arts and humanities.