APUSH portable flashcards U1

Maize (Corn)

A staple crop of the Americas that spread from the southwest to the north; also a component of three sisters farming.

Iroquois Confederacy

A Northwestern native confederacy that consisted of six native tribes such as the Mohawks. They established permanent towns and had a peace treaty which resembles a modern constitution.

The Ute

A native tribe that lived in the Great Basin, they lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle.

The Sioux

Native Americans who lived in the Great Plains often hunted buffaloes for meat, hides, and tools. The hides are most recognizable for the creation of teepees.

The Pueblo

Native Americans who lived in the southwest, having lived in small, permanent towns. They have seen a decline in stability as a result of natural disasters reducing their power.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange between the New World and the Old World. The Old World got access to new crops such as potatoes, gold, and tobacco. Natives in the old world got advanced technologies at the cost of getting diseases such as smallpox.

Old world technologies

Technologies such as the compass and caravel caused navigation to be easier and faster from the Old World to the New world.

Old world events leading to exploration of the New world.

Some old world events contributing to the exploration of the New World are the Crusades, the fall of the Feudal system, and the events following the Bubonic plague.

Christopher Columbus

An Italian navigator that convinced Spanish monarchs Isabella and Ferdinand to fund a trip towards the east (India) by taking a route west, he instead found Cuba and Hispaniola.

Encomienda System

A system of passing down lands to encomenderos, their task was to extract wealth from using Natives for labor as well as converting them to Christianity.

The Casta System

A system used by the Spanish to determine the social ranking based on ones race. Examples include Mestizos (Half Spanish, Half Native American) and Mulattos (Half Spanish, Half African).

Café-con-leche

A term used to describe the “lightening up” of the population in New Spain.

Pueblo Revolt

A successful revolt by Natives against against Spanish conquistadors with the help of charismatic leader Popé (popay), after he passed away the Spanish came back but with the terms that the Natives maintained some of their culture and traditions.

“Black Legend”

A theory in which the French and British used false claims of abuse from the Spanish towards the Natives as a means to serve anti-catholic propaganda.

Conquistadors

Soldiers and/or explorers who followed Christopher Columbus’ footsteps of spreading the word of God, obtaining Gold, and achieving Glory.

Vice-Roys

Individuals who ruled a section of New Spain with the power of a King but were strictly controlled by monarchs at Spain.

New Netherlands

A small, wealthy colony of the Netherlands. However, it would eventually get taken over by the English.

New France

The capital being Quebec, this place was established as many moved in to make profit off of the fur trade with Native Americans such as the Iroquois Confederacy.

Martin Luther

Wrote the 95 theses and began the Protestant Reformation for the corruption and materialism of the Catholic Church.

King Henry VIII

Wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon to produce a male heir with someone else. He turned to the Anglican Church as the Catholic Church refused to allow the divorce.