week 05

the internet

creative commons

* provides free licensing tools
* allows others to use your work

creative commons: attribution

acknowledgement (only CC that is mandatory)

creative commons: non-commercial

no one can make money

creative commons: no derivatives

cannot change original work

creative commons: share alike

must have all the same license

copyright

* right to control your works of creative expression
* if you created it, you own it by default
* if you design something while working for a company, they own it
* myth: changing 20% of a design= you can use it (WRONG)

what can you copyright?

* anything created that is tangible (drawings, photographs, music, etc…)
* ideas, words, and names cannot be copyrighted

computer network

group of computers that can talk to each other (wired, satellites, etc…)

the internet (1969)

* a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized protocol suite (TCP/IP)
* a network of networks
* hardware (not software)

how the internet works

* uses TCP/IP (no direct line at the outset of a message)
* the idea behind the standard protocol were funding by ARPA of the US department of defense in 1969 (originally called ARPANET)
* opposite of your home telephone where you get a direct line that only you and the other person can use
* 1 connection can break the whole network won’t breakdown

circuit switching

access to one line that nobody else can be on

(ineffective if the line breaks)

packet

* a small group of bytes consisting of a header (destination/where its coming from) and the body
* often 64 bytes for header and 512 bytes for body

protocol

rules for the format and transmission of the data

TCP

* packet stops at 1st machine, next machine, and so on until it gets to the final IP address
* packets can take different routes, but all get to the same destination (packet switching)

IP

* like a GPS
* picks a route for a packet which picks the best route
* needs to be able to identify all the machines on the internet

IP address

* just like your home address (but NOT geographical)
* each machine has its own
* consists of 4 numbers with dots between them
* each number ranged from 0-255 (e.g, 129.100.23.247)
* always 32 bits (newer ones are 128 because we’re running out)

domain names

* numbers are hard to remember (up to 7)
* every machine on the internet gets an IP address
* a DNS (domain name system) maps the domain name to the IP address
* normally a 1-to-1 mapping (not always -- some map more than 1)

1973

IP address became standardized

1984

university of Wisconsin decided to name IP address

1985

domain name system is establish

1990

the internet moves beyond the world of the government

when did you start having to pay for a domain name? (year)

1995

when did you pay the NSF $100 for a 2-year domain name

1995-1998

when did domain naming open to private companies?

1998

web server

* contains all the webpages for a company/individual
* web server is stored on the web server machine (host)
* a website is a folder

sub domains

used to organize your web server (like folders and directories)

URL

* established in 1990 by Tim Berners Lee
* points at a web page on the internet

rules for domain names

* each item between a dot is a level
* max 127 levels (125 sub domains)
* each level can be 63 characters long
* the entire domain name can be no more than 255 characters
* must use one of the approved TLDs
* each level must consist of letters, digits, and hyphens
* each level consist of letters, digits, and hyphens
* each level cannot start or end with hyphens and cannot contain a space
* domain names are case insensitive (upper vs lower) -- causes confusion

top level domain name (TLD)

* an international internet committee that has established the allowable TLDs
* .org, .com, .ca, .net, etc…
* can be registered and restricted (e.g., .Apple)
* Google overtook Microsoft in 2007 as the most visited website

picking a domain name

* keywords
* be memorable
* avoid hyphens
* .com first (.ca second option)
* keep it short
* kill procrastination (somebody else might take it)
* be creative
* know the rules
* testing (tell your friends and see if they remember)
* learn from monopoly (buy similar domain names)
* which online realtor to use (GoDaddy, etc…)

why not to host your own website

* software is expensive
* continual connection
* technical configurations
* support/server maintenance

ISP (internet service prodiver)

* access to the internet
* provides user account, email address, web space to host/hold your website

things to look for in an ISP

* disk space
* bandwidth
* website speed
* database/programming language support
* technical support
* uptime
* web statistics summary (stats)
* scripts availability
* web provider (popularity/reliability)