* provides free licensing tools * allows others to use your work
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creative commons: attribution
acknowledgement (only CC that is mandatory)
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creative commons: non-commercial
no one can make money
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creative commons: no derivatives
cannot change original work
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creative commons: share alike
must have all the same license
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copyright
* right to control your works of creative expression * if you created it, you own it by default * if you design something while working for a company, they own it * myth: changing 20% of a design= you can use it (WRONG)
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what can you copyright?
* anything created that is tangible (drawings, photographs, music, etc…) * ideas, words, and names cannot be copyrighted
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computer network
group of computers that can talk to each other (wired, satellites, etc…)
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the internet (1969)
* a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standardized protocol suite (TCP/IP) * a network of networks * hardware (not software)
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how the internet works
* uses TCP/IP (no direct line at the outset of a message) * the idea behind the standard protocol were funding by ARPA of the US department of defense in 1969 (originally called ARPANET) * opposite of your home telephone where you get a direct line that only you and the other person can use * 1 connection can break the whole network won’t breakdown
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circuit switching
access to one line that nobody else can be on
(ineffective if the line breaks)
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packet
* a small group of bytes consisting of a header (destination/where its coming from) and the body * often 64 bytes for header and 512 bytes for body
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protocol
rules for the format and transmission of the data
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TCP
* packet stops at 1st machine, next machine, and so on until it gets to the final IP address * packets can take different routes, but all get to the same destination (packet switching)
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IP
* like a GPS * picks a route for a packet which picks the best route * needs to be able to identify all the machines on the internet
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IP address
* just like your home address (but NOT geographical) * each machine has its own * consists of 4 numbers with dots between them * each number ranged from 0-255 (e.g, 129.100.23.247) * always 32 bits (newer ones are 128 because we’re running out)
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domain names
* numbers are hard to remember (up to 7) * every machine on the internet gets an IP address * a DNS (domain name system) maps the domain name to the IP address * normally a 1-to-1 mapping (not always -- some map more than 1)
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1973
IP address became standardized
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1984
university of Wisconsin decided to name IP address
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1985
domain name system is establish
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1990
the internet moves beyond the world of the government
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when did you start having to pay for a domain name? (year)
1995
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when did you pay the NSF $100 for a 2-year domain name
1995-1998
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when did domain naming open to private companies?
1998
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web server
* contains all the webpages for a company/individual * web server is stored on the web server machine (host) * a website is a folder
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sub domains
used to organize your web server (like folders and directories)
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URL
* established in 1990 by Tim Berners Lee * points at a web page on the internet
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rules for domain names
* each item between a dot is a level * max 127 levels (125 sub domains) * each level can be 63 characters long * the entire domain name can be no more than 255 characters * must use one of the approved TLDs * each level must consist of letters, digits, and hyphens * each level consist of letters, digits, and hyphens * each level cannot start or end with hyphens and cannot contain a space * domain names are case insensitive (upper vs lower) -- causes confusion
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top level domain name (TLD)
* an international internet committee that has established the allowable TLDs * .org, .com, .ca, .net, etc… * can be registered and restricted (e.g., .Apple) * Google overtook Microsoft in 2007 as the most visited website
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picking a domain name
* keywords * be memorable * avoid hyphens * .com first (.ca second option) * keep it short * kill procrastination (somebody else might take it) * be creative * know the rules * testing (tell your friends and see if they remember) * learn from monopoly (buy similar domain names) * which online realtor to use (GoDaddy, etc…)
* access to the internet * provides user account, email address, web space to host/hold your website
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things to look for in an ISP
* disk space * bandwidth * website speed * database/programming language support * technical support * uptime * web statistics summary (stats) * scripts availability * web provider (popularity/reliability)