computer science final gr11b term 2

what is photoshop

subscription based photo editing software

file formats that can be opened in photoshop

• jpeg

• tiff

• png

• psd

• gif

file formats that cannot be opened by photoshop

• webp

• mp3

• mp4

how to zoom in or out in photoshop?

iin - ctrl +

out - ctrl -

how to undo action once / many times in photoshop

once - ctrl + Z

many - ctrl + shift + z

basic shortcut commands in photoshop

copy - ctrl + c

paste - ctrl + v

select All image - ctrl + A

open layers window - F7

change Levels of colors - ctrl + L

transform image shortcut in ps

ctrl + T

inverse selection command shortcut in ps

ctrl + shift + I

crop tool in ps ?

removes part of the image surrounding the selection , resolution remains the same as original image

eraser tool in ps ?

removes part of an image, it will either :

• erase pixels to be transparent

• replace the erased pixels with the background color of your choice

whats the purpose of layers in ps ?

to separate elements of an image, it can be added, deleted, renamed, hidden, rearranged, etc. from the layer panel

pen tool in ps ?

a path creator, it allows u to create accurate and detailed selections or cutouts of any image selection, it works by placing different anchor points to trace an object accurately

clone stamp tool in ps ?

copies pixels from one area and applies them to another, as if ur copy and pasting

smudge tool in ps ?

simulates a brush smearing wet paint, it picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction u swipe, it gently reshapes important edges into more appealing or softer lines

types of marquee selection tools + characteristic

• rectangle » select rectangle form

• elliptical » select elliptical form

types of lasso tools + characteristics

• lasso tool » select shape manually

• magnetic » select an object in case there is a color contrast between the background and the objet to be selected

• polygonal » polygonal selection shape

magic wand tool ?

select a plain color with 1 click

image adjustment menu

split into 2 sections

1. controls exposure to light, brightness, etc.

2. deals with color adjustment like vibrance, saturation, hue

units in ps and their uses

cm » used when image will be printed

pixels » used when image will be displayed on website or ppt or digital use in general

different types of image color modes + their characteristics

• CMYK » best for printing

• RGB » best for screen display

• black nd white / grayscale » b&w images / greyscale cannot be turned into color mode (b&w and greyscale are 2 diff modes but they have same characteristics)

• sepia

• duotone

types of brush modes

• watercolor brush

• pencil

• pen

• marker

• smudge

• blur

• sharpen

layer styles in photoshop?

• bevel and emboss

• stroke

• inner shadow

• inner glow

• satin

• color overlay

• gradient overlay

• pattern overlay

• outer glow

• drop shadow

what is python

text based programming language

main parts of any coding language

• dialogue between the user and the computer.

• the calculation or the internal process

• the display or print of the result

list of commands + their functions

print » displays the message or question between the parenthesis

• ex. print(“whats ur name”)

• NOTE: anything between quotes ““ is considered a string value (text value) and anything outside the quotes is either a variable or calculation

input » allows the user to type an answer

• ex. input()

• can also be used alone (as in without print function) by including quotes, ex. input(“type ur name”) so the function is combined with a message

what does this sign indicate after running the code > > >

the termination of the program (the end of the code)

what is syntax

the structure of statements in a computer language

what is the syntax that all commands in python follow ?

theyre all written in lower case letters

variable

a storage location in memory of the computer that can store values or information

there are 3 ways which a variable can be filled:

• using input command ex. age = input(“type ur age”)

• simple assignment ex. age=16

• mathematical calculation ex. a=b+3

rules to name a variable

• must start with a letter but can be a combination of letters and numbers

• cannot use special characters (!@#$-%&*)

• reserved commands (print, input, while, if, elif, else, etc.) cannot be used as variable name

• if name is composed of two words, seperate with _ spaces not allowed

data types in python

string / str » any input by the value is a string (text)

int » used to change the user input from a string to integer

• int(input(“input age”))

float » used to change the user input from string to a decimal number

• float(input(“input grade”))

conditional statements

will enable the computer to make a decision based on a specific rule or condition

commands:

• if » a conditional statement that evaluates a condition

• elif » used when we have two or more conditions tgth, we can use it as many times as we want in the code

• else » used when none of the conditions are valid

all commands must end with a colon : and the condition code must be indented

for loop

used to repeat a set of instructions (lines of code) a number of times specified by the user

parameters:

• starting value » optional command

• ending value » mandatory command

• the step » how many numbers to skip each repetition, optional command

expressed as : for i in range(start, stop, step)

while loop

repeats the code as long as the condition is true until it is false, it requires a counter to control the number of repetitions

the counter » its essentially just a variable (so it can be named anth) that is declared before the while loop, while the loop is running, the counter must be manually increased *** if not it’ll run the loop forever

*** explanation of increasing the loop

1. round = 1

2. while round <=5

3. print(“Round is”, round)

4. round += 1

the loop will repeat and continue adding 1 until it reaches the condition, so it will display “ round : 1, 2, 3, 4.. “ until it reaches 5, then stops after 5

math library in python

its a set of functions to perform mathematical operations while programming, to use it u must import the library at the beginning of ur code:

ex. from math import *

list of math functions + uses

+-*/ » basic arithmetic

% » modulus that gives the remainder of division

// » division + rounding down to the nearest whole number

** » exponent

sqrt(x) » square root of x

floor(x) » rounding down

ceil(x) » rounding up

abs(x) » absolute value

cos(x) » cos value

max(a,b,c) » gives maximum value

min(a,b,c) » gives minimum value

lists in python

a list, unlike a variable, can store multiple values

ex.

L = []

L.append(“lychee”)

L.append(“apple”)

etc….

OR write it directly

L = [“lychee”, “apple”, “gooseberry”]

turtle library

turtle make draw :3

must start code with : from turtle import *

turtle.forward / .backward » turtle moves x steps forward or back

turtle.left / .right » turtle moves x degrees left or right

turtle.pendown / .penup » will draw or stop drawing

turtle.penwidth » changes pen thickness

turtle.color » changes color of pen

graphical user interface (GUI // Tkinter) library

Tkinter is the standard GUI library for python, it provides tools to create windows, buttons, menus, textboxes, and other interactive elements

must start with : from tkinter import *

variable_name = Tk() » creates the base window, T must be capitalized

v_n.title(“Welcome”) » window title

basic widgets :

1. labels

label = Label(v_n, text=”hello”, fg=”blue”, font=(“arial”, 14))

label.pack()

2. button

def greet()

print(“hello”)

button = Button(v_n, text=”Greet”, command=greet)

button.pack()

3. entry (single-line input)

entry = Entry(v_n)

entry.pack()

pack() » places the widgets vertically/horizontally in the window