PACC Final (copy)

William Bradford

Drew up the Mayflower Compact, Governor of Plymouth colony

Providence

God has a hand in everything

The Great Awakening

Puritans turned back to God after putting material items and money before Him.

Anglican

Christan who worships God within the long tradition of the English church

Mayflower Compact

Established in 1620, agreement to bind colonists back together

Johnathan Edwards

Studied new age of reason but struggled to reconcile puritanism, described God’s nature as angry and short tempered and man’s nature as extremally sinful. “Predestined”

1607

Captain John Smith established Jamestown

Theocracy

Form of government where priests rule in the name of God

John Smith

Established Jamestown, saved from death by Pocahontas

Cotton Mather

3 wife, 15 kids, Scapegoat for the worst in Puritan culture. Blamed for the Salem Witch trials.

George Whitfield

Anglican cleric, preached his messages during the great awakening

Pilgrim

Allegory for Israelites, came on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth Colony

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Wrote Scarlett Letter, Young Goodman Brown, Ministers Black Veil. He writes using romanticism, originally a transcendentalist; later rejected them and became a leading anti-transcendentalist. He was a descendant of Puritan settlers.

Jack London

Wrote the Call of the Wild, He is a naturalist. Has “survival of the fittest mindset”. Constantly contradicts himself.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Wrote Self-Reliance, He is a transcendentalist, thought God was everywhere in a spirit

Henry David Thoreau

Transcendentalist; civil disobedience; gov. that violates individual morality has no legit authority. Wrote Walden Pond

Johnathan Edwards

Wrote Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. He was a theologian and philosopher. Practiced Puritanism.

Arthur Miller

Wrote the Crucible, he is a realist. Married to Marilyn Monroe

Washington Irving

Wrote The Devil and Tom Walker. Leader of troops in Yorktown. Romantism along with James Fennimore Cooper.

James Fennimore Cooper

Wrote the Last of the Mohicans, Romanticism.

Herman Melville

Wrote Moby Dick and Billy Budd. Romanticist.

Henry James

Wrote Daisy Miller, Realism.

Mark Twain

Wrote the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, uses realism in his stories

Cotton Mather

believed that New World was Devil’s territory and God directly intervened.

Brett Harte

Wrote the Outcasts of Poker Flat, he used realism.

Edgar Allen Poe

Wrote “The Raven” and “The Tell Tale Heart”. He is a romantic.

Emily Dickenson

Poet who wrote “Because I could not Stop for Death”. Wrote about love, death and Immorality. Romantic and Transcendentalist

Walt Whitman

American poet and transcendentalist who was famous for his beliefs on nature, as demonstrated in his book, Leaves of Grass.

Falling Action

the period after the dramatic confrontation of the climax

Denouement

Plot is drawn together and everything is resolved

omniscient

knowing everything

limited omniscient

We know all the thoughts of just one character

objective narrator

One who relates the events of the story and characters' actions without directly telling the reader the characters' inner thoughts or feelings. Provides unbiased view from the reader

Dimmesdale

A reverend who has an affair with Hester and is the secret father of Peral. He tries to protect his reputation

Ahab

Protagonist in Moby Dick, monomaniacal captain, where’s a prosthetic leg, obsessed with Moby Dick

Hester Pryne

Protagonist in the Scarlett Letter, criticizes strict puritan society

Ishmael

First person narrator in Moby Dick, sorta an outcast and an observer

Bartleby

Died in prison, tried to find what was behind the wall, characterizes self-isolation, doesn’t listen to the owner.

Rev. Hopper

Wore a black veil and could see other’s true sin, got called when people were sick, etc.

Peral

Hester’s child, result of an affair, symbolizes second scarlet letter.

Chillingsworth

Hester’s husband, cold natured,

“The Black Man”

symbolizes the Devil in The Devil and Tom Walker

Mistress Hibbons

Gov. Bellingham’s sister, invites hester to a witches meeting and speaks of “the black man”

the Wall Street Law

symbolizes capitalism

Starbuck

First man who resists Ahab’s plan to killing Moby Dick, calm and reasonable

Billy Budd

Protagonist, peacemaker, his fate is parrel to Jesus’

Grangerford

Kind and friendly people except to the Shepardson’s.

Duke

defined by greed, partnered with the King. He hops aboard Huck’s raft in order to escape

Claggart

represents evil, great understanding of deception, has extreme malice.

Vere

symbolizes conflict between societal role and inner self. Ships captain for Billy Budd

Hawkeye

Protagonist in the Last of the Mohicans, has great adaptations, bridges the divide of the white and indian cultures

Uncas

Falls in love with Cora in the last of the mohicans, very open minded and a natural leader

Chingachgook

Unca’s father, one of the two surviving members of the Mohican tribe, very intelligent

Magua

Villain in the Last of the Mohicans, Once chief but was driven out of his tribe due to drunkness

Daisy

wealthy American girl who is traveling around Europe. Doesn’t follow societal norms

Winterbourne

Narrative is based on him, protagonist in Daisy Miller, Intrigued in Daisy but then loses respect for her.

Costello

Winterbourne’s aunt, she disapproves of Daisy

Huck

Protagonist and Narrator of Huckleberry Finn, contradicts societal norms, he is influenced by others. Perfect example of Bildungsroman

Jim

Miss Watson’s slave, superstitious. He is a type for Jesus

Betty Parris

Reverend Parris’ daughter, gets caught dancing in the forest and falls ill

Reverend Hale

Rev. Parris called him when Betty fell ill, “witch hunter”

Herbert Spencer

Supports Darwinism “survival of the fittest”, natural selection.

T.H. Huxley

“Darwin’s bulldog”, Did not believe in evolution until Darwin convinced him, doesn’t like capitalism, “electro-chemical responses'“

August Comte

Strong believer of science, self contradictory, created sociology

Nietzsche

Athesit,’, believed heaven was just a world of ideas, attempts to unmask religion

Darwin

“survival of the fittest” and natural selection

Realism

the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth

Atavism

The reemergence of inherited ancestral traits when in dangerous situations

Natural Law

A theory in ethics that states that human beings possess intrinsic/natural values that govern their behavior and reasoning.

Ubermensch

described by Nietzsche, the “superman” idea that a man could rise above all other mankind and impose his own values

Law of Club

Club is stronger than any man or dog and has more power/force.

Naturalism

literary movement that was an extension of realism and claimed to portray life exactly how it is. Nothing exists beyond the natural world. Hostile environment, no morality

Fate

the development of events beyond a person's control, regarded as determined by a __supernatural__ power.

Nature

Hostile to men

Adaptation

A modification to be made more fit for exsistance

Bildungsroman

a youth who is innocent through a series of experiences becomes mature

mimesis

accurate portrayal of life, imitation of life the way it is

Verisimilitude

quality of appearing to be true or likely

Local Color

Literature that is derived from a particular location, etc. Jim is an example of this

Gilded Age

Money corruption, rich lived well and poor lived poorly. Whole country wanted stuff

Deus ex machine

The easy way out, happens when Jim happens to get sold to Tom Walker’s family

Satire

Ridicule of vice (habit of doing bad) and folly (stupidity)

Irony

the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite

Dramatic Irony

When the audience knows something that the characters don’t

Moral Defect

Describes people who have intellectual disabilities

Foreshadowing

a warning or indication of a future event

Bias

Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded

Stutter

Billy’s fatal flaw

Self-Reliance

Relying on your own intuition

worn path, daily bath, solitude

Thoreau, he would do all these things to be different yet eventually it became all too similar and he had to switch it up yet again

a veil

Stands for original sin, everyone has a veil

Walls

Symbolizes a mask and hides the truth, the characters are trying to break through them

a serpent

represents the devil, tempted Adam and Eve, bit at the heel

natural depravity

This is what every human is born with, all born with evil in us

Birthmark

represents original sin and disappeared when the woman died which is true of original sin as well.

Transedentalism

sister of romantism, humans are inherently good but can be corrupted by society, nature should be respected

madness

not conforming to society

noble savage

Hawkeye, no society, finds God in nature (romanticism)

Trace and Trail

Call of the Wild, Similar to Law of Club and Fang

Genius

The belief that what is true for you is true for all men