Nutrition Test 1 - Chapter 4

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What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

What are the monosaccharides?

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Which monosaccharide is the primary energy source for the body?

Glucose

What are the disaccharides and their components?

Maltose (glucose + glucose), Sucrose (glucose + fructose), Lactose (glucose + galactose)

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

Provide energy for the body

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

In the mouth with salivary amylase

What happens to carbohydrates in the stomach?

Stomach acid inactivates salivary amylase, halting digestion

Which enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

Pancreatic amylase

How is glucose absorbed in the small intestine?

Through active transport

How is fructose absorbed in the small intestine?

Through facilitated diffusion

What is glycogen?

The storage form of glucose in animals

What is starch?

The storage form of glucose in plants

What are dietary fibers?

Structural parts of plants that the body cannot digest

What are the two types of fiber?

Soluble and insoluble fiber

Which type of fiber helps lower cholesterol?

Soluble fiber

What hormone lowers blood glucose?

Insulin

What hormone raises blood glucose?

Glucagon

What is gluconeogenesis?

The process of making glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

What are ketone bodies?

Alternative fuel produced from fat when glucose is unavailable

What is the glycemic response?

How quickly and how much a food raises blood glucose levels

What are the health risks of excessive added sugar intake?

Obesity, diabetes, and dental caries

What percentage of total daily calories should come from added sugars?

No more than 10%

Which foods are major sources of added sugars?

Sugar-sweetened beverages, baked goods, candies

How does fiber benefit digestion?

Promotes regular bowel movements and supports gut health

How does fiber help with weight management?

Increases satiety and reduces calorie intake

What is the recommended daily fiber intake?

25g for women, 38g for men

What are artificial sweeteners?

Sugar substitutes that provide little to no calories

Why should sugar alcohols be consumed in moderation?

They can cause digestive issues like bloating and diarrhea