Studied by 25 peopleEcological footprint
are quantitative models which are usually measured for a given area and time.
Respiration
________ is the conversion of organic matter into carbon dioxide and water in all living organisations, releasing energy.
Ecosystem
________: is a community and the physical environment it interact with.
Exponential
________ or geometric growth: if no limiting factors are affecting or slowing down growth.
Photosynthesis
________: the process by which green plants make their food from water and carbon dioxide using energy from sunlight.
Commensalism
________: when one partner is helped and another is significantly harmed.
Ecology
________: the study of how organisms interact with the environment.
Mutualism
________: relation between two species where everyone benefits and no one suffers.
Autotrophs
________: make their own food from carbon dioxide and water using energy from sunlight.
Predation
________: when one animal (predator), eats another animal (prey)
Habitat
________: the environment in which a species normally lives.
Migration
________: immigration (moving into the area), emigration (moving out of the area)
Parasitism
________: relationship between two species in which one species lives in or on another (host), gaining food from it.
Chemosynthetic organism
________: make their own food from simple compounds.
Trophic level
A(n) ________ is the position that an organism occupies in a food chain, or a group of organisms in a community that occupy the same position in food chains.
Population
________: a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time, which are capable of interbreeding.
Community
________ is a group of populations living and interacting with each other in a common habitat (same place)
Consumers
________: feed on other consumers to get energy.
niche
A(n) ________ describes the particular set of abiotic and biotic conditions and resources to which an organism or population responds.
food chain
A(n) ________ is the flow of energy from one organism to another.
Herbivory
________: a herbivore animal eating a green plant some plants may have defence mechanisms.
Intraspecific competition
________: between members of the same species.
Population dynamic
________: the study of the factors that cause changes to population sizes.
Compensation point
________: point where a plant is neither adding biomass nor using it to stay alive.
abiotic factors
________: non- living physical factors that influence the organisms and ecosystems.
→ realised niche
describes the actual conditions and resources in which a species exists due to biotic interactions
Limiting factors
factors which slow down growth of a population as it reaches it carrying capacity
Population dynamic
the study of the factors that cause changes to population sizes
Intraspecific competition
between members of the same species
Interspecific competition
individuals of different species could be competing for the same resource
The principle of competitive exclusion
states that two species competing for the same resources cannot coexist
Predation
when one animal (predator), eats another animal (prey)
Herbivory
a herbivore animal eating a green plant some plants may have defence mechanisms
Parasitism
relationship between two species in which one species lives in or on another (host), gaining food from it
Mutualism
relation between two species where everyone benefits and no one suffers
Commensalism
when one partner is helped and another is significantly harmed
Exponential or geometric growth
if no limiting factors are affecting or slowing down growth
S shaped growth
starts with exponential growth, no limiting factors affect the growth
J shaped growth
population grows exponentially at first then collapses → called diebacks
Compensation point
point where a plant is neither adding biomass nor using it to stay alive
Chemosynthetic organism
make their own food from simple compounds
Ecological footprint
are quantitative models which are usually measured for a given area and time
Pyramid of productivity
shows the rate of flow of energy or biomass through each trophic level
Productivity
conversion of energy into biomass over a given period of time. It is the rate of growth or biomass in plants and animals
Gross
total amount of something made as a result of an activity
Net
amount left after deductions are made; what you have left, always lower than the gross amount
Gross productivity
total gain in energy or biomass of an organism before any reductions
Net productivity
gain in energy or biomass that remains after deductions due to respiration
Gross primary productivity
total gain in energy or biomass by green plants. It's the energy converted from light to chemical energy by photosynthesis in green plants
Net primary productivity
total gain in energy or biomass by green plants after allowing for losses to respiration.
Biogeochemical cycles
the natural pathways by which essential elements of living matter are circulated
nitrification
nitrifying bacteria in the soil which are able to convert ammonium to nitrates
denitrification
denitrifying bacteria in waterlogged and anaerobic conditions
Energy budget
can measure the quantities of energy entering and leaving the animal or population
Maximum sustainable yield
largest crop or catch that can be taken from the stock of a species without depleting the stock
Biome
is a collection of ecosystems sharing similar climatic conditions
Biosphere
part of the earth inhabited by organisms
Zonation
change in community and ecosystem aking and environmental gradient due to changes in altitude, latitude, tidal level or distance from shore/coverage by water
Primary succession
process of creating life in an area where no life previously existed
Secondary succession
when an established community is suddenly destroyed, an abridged version of succession starts
K - strategies
long life, slower growth, late maturity. Fewer large offspring, predator, high trophic level
R-strategist
short life, rapid growth, early maturity, prey, lower trophic level
Note 
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