Chapter 2 - Thermodynamics and Gases

The flashcards that correspond with notes for Chapter 2 of 5 Steps to a 5: AP Physics II 2023

Convection

______ is the transfer of thermal energy through fluid flow.

Radiation

________ is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves.

Temperature

________ is a direct measure of average kinetic energy.

Hot temperatures

________ have a lower peak thats shifted to the right but has the same area under the curve.

temperature of an object

The ________ indicates the speed at which the molecules are vibrating.

Cycles

_______ are paths on the PV diagram that start and end at the same point.

PV Diagrams

_________ are graphs of pressure on the y- axis and volume on the x- axis.

Isothermal lines

_________ are lines in which every point has the same PV value (and therefore the same T)

Cold temperatures

________ have a higher peak thats shifted to the left but has the same area under the curve.

Entropy

_________ is a measure of disorder.

Heat (Q)

____________ is a type of energy that can be transferred between objects

Internal Energy (U)

_____________ is the sum of the energies of all molecules in a substance

Power

_________ can be described as Work per time

Conduction

____________ is the transfer of energy from vibrations from atom to atom of an object from the hotter side to the colder side

Convection

____________ is the transfer of thermal energy through fluid flow

Radiation

___________ is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves

First Law of Thermodynamics

The ______________ states that the internal energy of a system is conserved

Isobaric

_________ processes have constant pressure

Isochoric (Isovolumetric)

______________ processes have constant volume

Isothermal

_________ lines have constant temperature

Adiabatic

_____ processes have no heat transfer between the system and the surroundings

Second Law of Thermodynamics

______________ states that the entropy of a system cannot decrease unless work is done on that system

Thermal Equilibrium

__________ is when the net exchange of heat energy between two objects is 0

Ideal Gas Law

The ________ is PV = nRT

Elastic

All collisions between molecules are ______

Elastic collision

An _____ __________ means that kinetic energy is not lost