Aristotle’s theory- all matter can be grouped into four main elements, fire, water, air, and earth
Democritus’s idea- all matter is made up of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms
Alchemy- both a philosophy and a hunt for ways to turn lead (or another common material) into gold so the alchemists could be closer to God.
Law of conservation of matter- matter is neither created nor destroyed
Law of definite proportions- a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio and does not depend on its source and method of preparation.
John Dalton: had five main theories
Theory 2 is partially incorrect because Atoms actually are divisible. Theory 3 is incorrect because there are different isotopes and ions of atoms that have small differences between each other. (See my note “isotopes and ions” for more)
JJ Thomson- discovered the electron using the catholic ray tube
Millikan: used oil drop experiment to measure the charge and mass of a single electron
Rutherford: used the gold foil experiment to discover the nucleus
Chadwick: found the neutron