Early Modern Atomic Theory History

Aristotle's Theory

all matter can be grouped into four main elements, fire, water, air, and earth

Democritus’s idea-

all matter is made up of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms

alchemy/alchemists

both a philosophy and a hunt for ways to turn lead (or another common material) into gold so the _______ could be closer to God.

Law of conservation of matter

matter is neither created nor destroyed

Law of definite proportions-

a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio and does not depend on its source and method of preparation.

John Dalton's first theory

matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms

John Dalton's second theory

atoms are fundamental, indestructible, and indivisible particles (he was not correct about all of this)

John Dalton's third theory

all atoms of a given atom are exactly alike (he was not correct)

John Dalton's fourth theory

atoms of one element cannot change into another element, but they can combine in simple whole ratios to make compounds

John Dalton's fifth theory

In a chemical reaction, atoms are separated, combined, or rearranged

JJ Thomson

___ discovered the electron using the cathode ray tube

Millikan

____ used oil drop experiment to measure the charge and mass of a single electron

Rutherford

____ used the gold foil experiment to discover the nucleus

Chadwick

____ found the neutron