Indigenous Studies-2

Colonialism

A practice of domination which involves the subjugation of one people to another.

Settler Colonialism

The systematic settling of land inhabited by indigenous peoples and building a new society, often through violence or assimilation.

Extractive Colonialism

Seeks to profit from raw materials without permanent settlement on indigenous lands.

Indian Act

A Canadian law from 1876 that defined the legal status of Indigenous peoples and their governance.

Bill C-31

Legislation that created two categories for Indian status registration in Canada.

Blood Quantum

Measurement of an individual's degree of 'Indian blood', often used to externally define identity.

Sixties Scoop

Mass adoption of Indigenous children into non-Indigenous families in Canada from the 1960s to the mid-1980s.

MMIWG

Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, a critical issue highlighting violence against Indigenous women.

Oka Crisis

A 78-day standoff in 1990 over disputed land between the Mohawk Nation and Canadian authorities.

Indigenous Sovereignty

The claim to autonomy and self-determining authority of Indigenous peoples.

Treaties

Agreements between sovereign nations, often including land rights, resources, and governance.

First Nations

A term for Indigenous peoples in Canada who are not Métis or Inuit.

Métis

Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Northwest with a unique culture and identity, often of mixed heritage.

Inuit

Indigenous peoples traditionally inhabiting the Arctic regions, specifically those in Canada and Greenland.

Two-Spirit

A term used by some Indigenous cultures to describe a person embodying both masculine and feminine spirits.

Non-Indigenous

Refers to people who do not identify as Indigenous; can include settlers, Canadians, or Europeans.