Oral infections

oral irritation fibroma

nonneoplastic, it forms in response to repetitive trauma in the bite line of the buccal (cheek) mucosa.

chronic irritation or trauma to the oral mucosa

pyogenic granuloma

noncancerous, raised tumor on your skin or mucus membranes

occurs on the gingival (overgrowth of gum tissue, causing the gums to become puffy and potentially cover parts of the teeth)

bleeds rapidly

glossitis

beefy red tongue due to cells in the papillae to degenerate (atrophy) and the thining of mucosa

iron deficiency

Herpes simplex I viral infection

common viral infection that typically cause cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth

asymptomatic

initial infection in early childhood

gingival hypertrophy

abnormal growth of gum tissue

caused by medications or poor oral hygiene

treatments: surigical procedures to remove diseased gum tissue (gingivectomy and gingivoplasty).

addison disease

rare chronic condition where adrenal glands don’t produce enough of steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone.

leukoplakia

white plaque of oral mucosa that cannot be removed by scraping.

caused by tobacco, alcohol, irritants, and HPV infection (sexually transmitted infection)

erythroplakia

red patch in mouth that is a pre-cancerous condition. Not cancer, but can lead to a development of oral cancer.

atresia of esophagus

rare birth defect in which the baby is born without a part of the esophagus (tube that connects mouth to the stomach)

fistula of esophagus

abnormal connection between 2 body parts as an organ or blood vessel and other structure; usually between esophagus and trachea-windpipe)

result of injury or infection

stenosis

narrowing of the esophagus that can cause difficulty swallowing and other complications

achalasia

a condition where the esophagus has trouble moving food into the stomach due to the lower esophageal sphincter not relaxing properly.

Zenker diverticulum

a pharyngeal pouch that forms at the upper esophagus due to weakness in the muscle wall, often causing swallowing difficulties and halitosis.

hiatal hermia

a condition where part of the stomach bulges through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, which can lead to heartburn and other digestive issues.

Mallory Weiss syndrome

a condition characterized by tears in the esophagus due to severe vomiting, leading to bleeding and pain.

can vomit up blood

esophageal varices

swollen veins in the esophagus that can rupture and cause severe bleeding, often associated with liver cirrhosis.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

a chronic digestive condition in which stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and irritation.

Barrett esophagus

damage to lower portion of the tube that connects the mouth and the stomach (esophagus)

repeated exposure to stomach acid

squamous carcinoma of esophagus

type of cancer that develops from flat cells lining the esophagus and is often linked to risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and chronic irritation or injury to the esophagus.

adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

cancer of the tube that runs from throat to stomach (esophagus).

smoking and poorly controlled acid reflux can cause esophageal cancer.

irritable bowel disease

no GI pathologic lesions

abdominal pain with constipation or diarrhea

antibiotic-associated colitis

high volume, watery diarrhea developing after administration of antibiotics. Toxin by Clostridium difficile

malabsorption syndrome

small intestine have trouble absorbing nutrients from food.

symptoms: diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue

consequences: glossitis, cheilitis, stomatitis

celiac sprue/celiac disease

autoimmune disorder where immune system attacks the small intestine in response to gluten.

-genetics and environmental

gluten sensitive nonceliac bowel disease

a condition characterized by digestive symptoms and intestinal damage in response to gluten, despite the absence of celiac disease.

tropical sprue

a malabsorption syndrome often occurring in tropical regions, leading to deficiencies in vitamins and minerals due to impaired absorption in the small intestine.

Whipple disease

rare, chronic bacterial infection that primarily affects the small intestine, but also other organs

2 types of inflammatory bowel disease

1) Crohn disease

2) Ulcerative colitis

Crohn disease

chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affect any part of the digestive tract from mouth to anus and can cause symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss.

Ulcerative colitis

chronic inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the colon and rectum, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding.