Types of RNA and Translation

These flashcards cover various types of RNA and the steps involved in translation.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Carries genetic information transcribed from DNA, containing codons that specify amino acids in a protein sequence.

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

A structural and catalytic component of ribosomes; helps assemble amino acids into proteins by forming peptide bonds.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Brings specific amino acids to the ribosome by matching its anticodon with the codon on mRNA to ensure proper protein assembly.

Ribosome

The molecular machine responsible for translating mRNA into proteins, composed of a small and large subunit with three tRNA binding sites (A, P, and E).

A Site (Acceptor site)

The site in the ribosome where new tRNA with the correct amino acid enters during translation.

P Site (Peptidyl site)

The site in the ribosome where the amino acid from the previous tRNA forms a peptide bond with the new amino acid.

E Site (Exit site)

The site in the ribosome where the now empty tRNA leaves after transferring its amino acid.

Initiation of Translation

The stage where the small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA at the leader sequence, and the start codon (AUG) is recognized.

Elongation of Translation

The stage where the ribosome moves to the next codon, elongating the polypeptide chain by forming peptide bonds.

Termination of Translation

The process that stops translation when a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is reached, resulting in the disassembly of the ribosome and release of the newly formed protein.