Bio 30 Endocrine System

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

Releasing hormones

Releasing Hormones

Causes anterior pituitary glands to release hormones

Anterior Pituitary Gland

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, Prolactin, HGh

FSH

Stimulates development of gametes

LH

Stimulates release of sex hormones

ACTH

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol

TSH

Stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroxin

Prolactin

Stimulates milk production in mammary glands

HGh

Stimulates liver to release growth factors

Posterior Pituitary gland

ADH, Oxytocin

ADH

Causes kidney tubules to become permeable to water reducing urine output

Oxytocin

Stimulates contraction of smooth muscles in uterus and mammary glands

Thyroid gland

Thyroxin, calcitonin

Throxin

Increases body’s metabolism

Calcitonin

Lowers blood calcium by depositing into bones and urine

Parathyroid gland

Parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid hormone

increases blood calcium by removing it from bones increasing absorption from intestines and kidney tubules

Pancreas (exocrine)

Insulin, Glucagon

Insulin

Reduces glucose by converting it to glycogen in the liver and making body cells become permeable to glucose

glucagon

Increases blood glucose by converting glycogen to glucose

Adrenal medulla

Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

fight or flight response

Adrenal Cortex

Cortisol, aldosterone

Cortisol

long term stress response which raises blood glucose by breaking down muscle protein and fat cells

Aldosterone

Causes reabsorption of sodium in kidney tubules and increases water reabsorption

Testes

Testosterone

Testosterone

Essential to spermatogenesis and development of secondary male characteristics

Ovary

Estrogen, Progesterone

Estrogen

Thickens Uterine lining, causes release of LH, Development of secondary female characteristics

Progesterone

Thickens Uterine lining, prevents uterine contractions

Lipid based hormones

Can diffuse through the liquid bilayer of cell membranes

Water soluble hormones (amino acids)

Cannot diffuse through cell membranes

Tropic Hormones

Released from anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Gigantism

excessive amounts of HGh secreted

Dwarfism

insufficient amounts of HGh secreted

Acromegaly

An overproduction of HGh secreted in adulthood when skeletal growth is completed

Diabetes Insipidus

Caused by the inability to produce ADH, a condition in which a person produces large volumes of urine

Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease)

Happens when the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone

Hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Occurs when the thyroid fails to develop properly during childhood. Extremely low amounts of thyroxin are produced

Goitre

Caused by the relentless stimulation of the thyroid gland by TSH

Diabetes mellitus

Results when the body doesn’t produce enough insulin

Addison’s disease

Result of a damaged adrenal cortex