lab practical #1

body organization, cytology, mitosis, epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

location: glandular tissues & kidney tubules

simple cuboidal epithelium

location: kidney

simple columnar epithelium

location: stomach and intestines

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

location: nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi

stratified squamous epithelium

location: skin epidermis

transitional epithelium

location: urinary tract, kidney, renal pelvis, ureters

What is mitosis?

DNA replication

* creates new cells in the developing embryo, fetus, and child.
* the cell that divides is called the parent cell, and the new cells are called daughter cells

stages of mitosis in order:

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase,

What happens in Prophase?

Nuclear envelope disappears - DNA condenses into chromatids - and sister chromatids

What happens in Metaphase?

Line up in middle - spindle fibers start to attach to sister chromatids

What happens in Anaphase?

Pull chromatids apart

What happens in Telophase?

Reform nucleus and cytokinesis forms 2 new cells

What is Cytokinesis?

Divides cytosol and organelles equally between two new daughter cells.

Define directional terms:

help ensure accurate communication; describe relative location of body parts and markings

Define Anterior (Ventral):

front in humans

Define Posterior (Dorsal):

back; can refer to body as a whole or body part

Define Superior (Cranial):

toward head

Define Inferior (Caudal):

toward tail; used to refer to positions on head, neck, and trunk only

Define Proximal:

closer to point of origin

Define Distal:

more distant (further away) from the same point of origin

Define Medial:

closer to midline

Define Lateral:

away from midline

Define Superficial:

structures closer to surface of body

Define Deep:

further away from surface