Studied by 2 people
structural isomers
molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
homologous series
series of compounds with the same functional group, with each successive member differing by CH2
saturated
only C-C single bonds
unsaturated
at least 1 C=C double bond
Homolytic fission
breakage of a covalent bond with each bonding atom receiving one electron from the bonding pair
Heterolytic fission
breakage of a covalent bond with one bonding atom receiving both electrons from the bonding pair
curly arrow
shows the movement of a pair of electrons
percentage yield
a measure of the efficiency of a process
atom economy
how efficiently the atoms in a reaction have been used
σ bond
single covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of orbitals of the bonding atoms
π bond
sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals due to 2 electrons above and below the c-c bond plane
Bromine water decolourises
double bond present
electrophile
an electron pair acceptor
nucleophile
electron pair donor
stereoisomer
compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
monomer
a small molecule that combines with many others to form a polymer
polymer
a large molecule formed from 1000s of repeat units (monomers)
E/Z isomerism
restricted rotation around the C=C
2 different priority groups on each C of the C=C
Cis/Trans isomerism
A form of E/Z, where there is one of the same groups on each C of the C=C
Optical isomerism
2 non-superimposable mirror images
Note
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