A(n) ________, in which an object is stretched or lengthened.
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Torsion Stress
A(n) ________, in which an object is twisted.
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Elastic Rebound
________: The sudden release of strain energy when rock moves along a fault.
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Earthquakes
________ are caused by forces that act on rocks.
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Convergent Boundaries
________: Where plates come together.
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Fault
A(n) ________ is a crack in Earths crust along which rock has moved.
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Epicenter
________: The point on Earths surface directly above the focus.
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Subduction
________: the oceanic side bending and being forced downward beneath the continental slab.
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Rift Valley
________: long, linear, dropped- down valley between twin, parallel mountain ranges produced by faulting.
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Hot Spots
________ are volcanically active sites that occur in places where large quantities of magma move to the surface in large, column- like plumes.
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Plate motion
________ is caused by a combination of forces.
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Plate Boundaries
Many volcanoes occur on Earth along ________, over hot spots, or in rift valleys.
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seismic waves
To study Earths interior, geologists use ________.
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Solid Materials
All ________ expelled by a volcano are collectively called pyroclasts.
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Divergent Boundary
________: The boundary between two plates that are moving apart.
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Mohorovicic Discontinuity
The ________ separates Earth's crust.
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Volcanic Eruptions
________ can expel a variety of materials.
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Mantle Material
Friction between a plate and ________ below the plate probably has a major effect on plate motion.
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Discontinuity
________: The boundary between two layers of material that have different densities.
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Liquid Magma
________ is less dense than the surrounding rock and is forced upward.
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Cinder Cone Volcanoes
________: When the primary eruptive products are large fragments of solid material; tend to be small, with most cones having heights in the hundreds of meters range.
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Composite Volcanoes
________: formed from alternating highly explosive events that form pyroclastic materials, and lava flows; composed of alternating layers, are large, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base.
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S waves
________ can not travel in Earth's liquid outer core, but P- waves pass through the outer core and the solid inner core.
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earthquake
When a(n) ________ occurs, seismic waves spread out and travel through Earth.
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volcano
A(n) ________ is a feature that forms when magma reaches the surface.
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Wegener
________ hypothesized that the continents were moving by pushing through the ocean floor.
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Magma
________ that has erupted onto Earths surface is called lava.
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Earthquake
A(n) ________ is the sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip along enormous cracks in Earths crust.
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Rift Valley
long, linear, dropped-down valley between twin, parallel mountain ranges produced by faulting
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Divergent Boundary
The boundary between two plates that are moving apart
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Convergent Boundaries
Where plates come together
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Subduction
the oceanic side bending and being forced downward beneath the continental slab
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Transform Boundaries
the horizontal motion of two plates past each other
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Elastic Rebound
The sudden release of strain energy when rock moves along a fault
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Focus
point of origin of an earthquake
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Epicenter
The point on Earths surface directly above the focus
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Discontinuity
The boundary between two layers of material that have different densities
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Asthenosphere
weaker, plasticlike layer upon which Earths lithospheric plates move
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Viscosity
a measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow
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Cinder Cone Volcanoes
When the primary eruptive products are large fragments of solid material; tend to be small, with most cones having heights in the hundreds of meters range
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Shied Volcanoes
form from high-temperature, fluid, basaltic lava and erupt with abundant lava flows that can move for kilometers over Earths surface before stopping; broad, flat structures made up of layer upon layer of lava
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Composite Volcanoes
formed from alternating highly explosive events that form pyroclastic materials, and lava flows; composed of alternating layers, are large, often thousands of meters high and tens of kilometers across the base
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Transform Boundary
the horizontal motion of two plates past each other.
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Focus
point of origin of an earthquake
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Athenosphere
weaker, plasticlike layer upon which Earth’s lithospheric plates move.
Studied by 4 people
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Flashcard (40)