A People & A Nation- Chapter 27

Pearl Harbor

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II; attacked on December 7, 1941.

US entry into WWII

1941- US

War Production Board

Oversaw factories' conversions into military production, Created in 1942, this organization oversaw the production of planes, tanks, artillery pieces, and munitions needed for entering WWII

Office of Price Administration

Instituted in 1942, this agency was in charge of stabilizing prices and rents and preventing speculation, profiteering, hoarding and price administration; froze wages and prices and initiated a rationing program for items in order to support the war effort and prevent inflation.

Battle of Midway

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.

"Europe First"

War policy adopted by US and Britain in 1942. Leads to the rejection of Stalin's demands for a second front and the invasion of North Africa.

Internment Camps

Detention centers where more than 100,000 Japanese Americans were relocated during World War II by order of the President in 1942.

Manhattan Project

Code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II.

Congress of Racial Equality

An organization founded in 1942 to work for racial equality

Stalingrad

A city in the European part of Russia, site of a Red Army victory over the Germany army in 1943. This battle was the turning point in the war between Germany and the Soviet Union.

War Labor Disputes Act

aka Smith Connally Act. Passed in 1943 in response to labor unrest in WWII; made it a criminal offense to provoke strikes in industries working on government contracts or plants needed for the war effort.

"Zoot suit riots"

A series of riots in 1943 that originated in Los Angeles between White soldiers stationed in the cities and Mexican youths.

Allies invade Italy

1943- Italy

Teheran Conference

In December 1943, FDR, Churchill and Stalin met in Iran to discuss coordination of military efforts against Germany, and they repeated the pledge to create the United Nations after the war's conclusion.

D-Day

On June 6 1944, led by Eisenhower, over a million troops stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France; the turning point of World War II.

Election of 1944

Roosevelt elected to his fourth term as president.

US retakes Philippines

1944-Philippines

Yalta Conference

In 1945, FDR, Churchill and Stalin met here; Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War.

Dresden

German city ferociously firebombed by the Allies from February 13 to 15, 1945.

Iwo Jima and Okinawa

The last two strategically important islands held by the Japanese. Both Japanese and American troops suffered heavy losses when these islands were invaded in 1945.

Roosevelt's death

Roosevelt is mentally and physically strained and passes away in 1945; Truman becomes president.

Potsdam Conference

The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held outside Berlin, in July 1945; called for Japan's unconditional surrender.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Atomic bombs were dropped on these two cities in 1945, under the orders of Harry Truman.

Japanese surrender

1945- Japan