Plant Kingdom
Characteristics:
- Eukaryotic
- Multicellular
- perform photosynthesis
- autotrophic
- Cell wall made of cellulose
- Sessile
- Alternation of generations
Alterntaion of Generations:
- Life cycle that occurs in plants
- Multicellular gametophyte (n), alternates with multicellular sporophyte (2n)
- Depending on the plant one stage is more dominant than the other
How is this different from animals?
- Animal somatic cells undergo meiosis, producing gametes. During fertilization the two unit and form a zygote
- Sporophytes in plants divide by meiosis, to produce spores. the spores then undergo mitosis to develop a multicellular gametophyte. It matures and produces gametes. The gametes undergo fertilization forming a zygote which matures into a sporophyte.
An ancestor of pants: charophyte
| Plant Group | Common Name | Representative organisms | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| bryophytes | Mosses (and Allies) | - non-vascular-reproduce using spores-grow low to the ground-require water for reproduction | |
| Pteridophytes | ferns (and Allies) | - vascular Leaves are called fronds- reproduce using spores - spores encased in packets on the underside of the frond called sori-require water for reproduction | |
| Gymnosperms | Conifers | - Vascular-reproduce using seeds-seeds are “naked” and develop on the scales of female cones - male cones are smaller and grow in clusters at the tips of branches- male cones spread by wind to female cones -sperm +egg = seed -seed falls to the ground and germinates into a new plant | |
| Angiosperms | Flowering plants | - vascular-reproduce using seeds(covered/coated)- Pollen is carried by wind/animals -Once the seed is produced, the flower becomes fruit-seeds are then dispersed to the ground by various mechanisms and germinate into new plants |