Plant Kingdom

characteristics

* Eukaryotic
* Multicellular
* perform photosynthesis
* autotrophic
* Cell wall made of cellulose
* Sessile
* Alternation of generations

Alternation Of generations

* Life cycle that occurs in plants
* Multicellular **gametophyte (n),** alternates with multicellular **sporophyte (2n)**
* Depending on the plant one stage is more dominant than the other

Ancestor of Plants

Charophyte

Bryophytes

* Mosses (and allies)
* non-vascular


* reproduce using spores
* grow low to the ground
* require water for reproduction

Pteridophytes

* Ferns (and Allies)
* Vascular
* Vascular leaves called fronds
* reproduce using spores
* spores encased in packets under fronds called sori
* Require water for reproduction

Gymnosperms

* Conifers
* Vascular
* Reproduce using seeds
* Seeds are “naked” and develop on the scales of female cones
* male cones are small and grow in clusters on the tips of branches
* male cones are carried to female cones by wind
* egg + sperm = seed
* seed falls to ground and germinates into new plant

Angiosperms

* Flowering plants
* vascular
* reproduce using seeds
* Pollen is carried to plants by wind/animals
* Once the seed is produced, the flower becomes fruit
* Seeds are then dispersed to the ground by various mechanisms and germinate into new plants