VSF Review

Derivatives of lux, lucis, f

elucidate, translucent, lucifer, lucid, pellucid, hallucinate

Derivatives of lumen, lumenis, n

illuminate, bioluminescence, luminosity, luminary, subluminal

Multi famam, conscientiam pauci verentur–Pliny

Many fear their reputation, few their conscience

What made Cicero finally pick a side?

Death of Caesar

Year Cicero was assassinated

43 BC

Speeches of Cicero against Octavian

Phillipics

These parts of Cicero were displayed on the rostra as a warning

his hands and feet

Subjugate

to make somebody your subject

Sub-jugate

under-yoke

Iugum

yoke

Ningit

It snows

Lucet

It is sunny

Pluit

It rains

Tonat

it thunders

Fulget

it lightningings

Fulminet

it lightningings

Grandinat

it hails

Battle of Caudine forks

321 BC, 2nd Samnite war

Leaders at Caudine forks

Gaius Pontius (Samnite) vs Titus Veturius Calvinus and Spurius Postumius Albinus

Reason for defeat at Caudine forks

Army trapped in mountain pass

Humiliation at Caudine Forks

soldiers forced to walk under a yoke

Annhilate

ad + nihil, to nothing

Decimate

punishment of killing every tenth man

Pulverize

from puluis, eris (dust)

Ubi solitudinum faciunt, pacam appellant - Tacitus

When they make a desert, they call it peace

Umbo

boss of the shield

Gladius

short sword

Pilum

throwing spear

Caligae

boots (leather sandals)

Scutum

shield

Galea

helmet

Lorica

breastplate

Balteus

belt across the chest

Sinecure

a job without care, a job with nothing to do

Sine-cure

without-care

Sine qua non

without which not - without which you cannot survive

Use of sine qua non

dramatization, not actually a necessity

Author of Comedies

Plautus, Terence

Author of History

Tacitus, Livy

Author of Natural History

Pliny the Elder

Author of Biography

Suetonius

Author of Satire

Juvenal

Letters

Cicero, Pliny the Elder

Author of epic poetry

Vergil

Author of lyric and love poetry

Ovid, Catullus, Horace

Author of short, witty epigrams

Martial

Older (Golden or before) authors

Plautus, Livy, Cicero, Vergil, Ovid, Catullus, Horace

Later authors

Terence, Tacitus, Pliny (both), Suetonius, Juvenal, Martial

Derivatives of fungor, fungi, functus sum

defunct, function, NFT, dysfunctional

PUFF-V verbs

potior, utor, fungor, fruor, vescor

M.o - modus operandi

mode of operation - usual way of doing things

Modus vivendi

way of living

Spolia opima

rich spoils, three times, single combat by leaders instead of huge armies

Spolia opima 1

Romulus from Acron

Spolia opima 2

Cossus from Mars Tolumnius, mid republic

Spolia opima 3

Marcellus from Viridomarus

Circumlocution

speaking around something

Circum-locution

around-speaking

Prosim - That I may serve

Motto of Virginia Tech

Beloved freed slave of Cicero who wrote down his speeches, maybe invented ampersand

Tiro

Metamorphosis

a change in form

Meta-morphosis

change-shape

Paucity

scarcity, lack, dearth, fewness

Pauci, paucae

a few

Nunc est bibendum

now it must be drunk/now we all must drink

Led a revolt of the Britons during the reign of Nero

Boudicca

Defeated by Gaius Suetonius Paulinus in battle of Watling street

Boudicca

Last pharaoh of the Ptolemaic dynasty, descended from Alexander the Great and spoke Greek

Cleopatra

Claimed to have a son by Caesar named Caesarion

Cleopatra

Defeated in battle of Alexandria by Octavian

Cleopatra

Misogyny

hatred of women

Miso-gyny

anti-women

Misanthropy

hatred of human-kind

Invidim privita deduci superbo / non humilis mulier triumpho

hating to be led as a private woman/person, and a not humble woman in a proud triumph

Invidim privita deduci superbo / non humilis mulier triumpho

chiasmus

Derivatives of novus

novel, novice, innovation, renovate, nouveau riche, supernova

Nihil sub sole novem

nothing new under the sun (Book of Ecclesiastes)

After defeat at Pharsalus fled to Egypt where Ptolemy killed him and sent his head and signet ring to Caesar

Pompey

Is said to have cried at seeing Pompey’s head and later killed Ptolemy with the help of Cleopatra

Caesar

Lachrymose/lacrimose

tearful

Ars gratia artis

art for the sake of art

Has the motto of ars gratia artis

MGM studio

Caesar defeated Pompey and put him to flight

Pharsalus, 48 BC

Mark Antony and Octavian defeat Brutus, Cassius et al.

Phillippi, 42 BC

Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra (not portrayed as a civil war)

Actium, 31 BC

Battle of Rome vs. Carthage/Hannibal, one of the greatest one day losses in history (Romans lose)

Cannae, 218 BC

Dies Atri

Dark days

Significance of Dies Atri

Marriages and celebrations didn’t happen on these days due to the connotation they carried (defeats and such)

Ignominious

loss of (good) name

Ig-nomen

not-name

Wife of Cicero

Terentia

Daughter of Cicero

Tullia

Son of Cicero

Marcus

Brother of Cicero

Quintus

Friend of Cicero

Atticus

Scribe of Cicero

Tiro

Cedant arma togae (first said by Cicero)

Let arms yield to the toga

Has motto of cedant arma togae

Wyoming

Ampersand (&)

and per se and

Later Roman author (360) who wrote the Breviarius

Eutropius