Study Guide #4 - Modernismo, Aviação, Literatura, Música, Franceses, Movimentos, Americans

***Olívia Guedes Penteado***

**Brazilian art patron who established the Salon de Arte Modern in Sao Paulo** 

* Motivating force for modernism movement, with her friends being Anita Malfatti, Tarsila do Amaral, Heitor Villa-Lobos

***Paulo Prado***

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* Was a fundamental participant in the Modern Art Week of 1922
* Also wrote a portrait of brasil, a book on the culture of Brasil

***Santos Dumont***

Was a Brazilian aernaut and inventor, one of few people to have contributed significantly to early development of lighter and heavier than air aircraft 

* National hero in Brasil where he is thought to precede the Wright Brothers in demonstrating an airplane

***Ronald de Carvalho***

Carioca poet, writer, politician, diplomat. Also participated in in the Week of Modern  Art in São Paulo

***Raul Bopp, Cobra Norato***

Modernist author, with 33 poems in the Cobra Norato

* 33 poems unfold a narrative aimed at children based on legend from the Amazon Region
* Cobra Narato is one of twins born from a relationship between an Indian woman and a pink river dolphin 
* "The opening poem presents an act of literal incorporation of the other – the protagonist strangles Cobra Norato to assume his skin –, denouncing anthropophagy in the poems of the cycle. Thus, he establishes a modernist version of the guide to lead the poet on his journey"

***Flávio de Carvalho***

A modernist architect, educated in France 

* Had experimental designs, and also cofounded the Clube dos Artistas Modernas (CAM), meant to bring together live drawing sessions, lectures on Brazilian folklore, and more
* This caught attention of the moral police in Brasil, which surveilled the place due to the mixing of race and class in the audience 

***Leão Velloso e “Satie” / Nininha***

Was a sculptor who participated in the Modern Art Week 

***Le boeuf sur le toit***

Darius Milhaud was the composer (french composer) 

A collage of Brazilian music he learned in Rio de Janeiro

***Pixinguinha (Alfredo da Rocha Viana Filho)***

First instrument was the cavaquinho.

* Wrote his first composition ‘Lata de Leite’ at 13
* Founded ‘Oito Batutas’ group to play in movie theaters (back then movies were silent)
* Eventually toured paris with the group.

***Ary Barroso***

Very famous and successful songwriter, composing a lot for Carmen Miranda

Most influential pre-bossa nova composer

***Blaise Cendrars, Feuilles de route***

Cendrars traveled to Brazil, where he met and befriended prominent Brazilian Modernist writers, such as Mário de Andrade and Oswald de Andrade. He had a strong influence on these authors, especially Oswald de Andrade, who was a key figure in the Brazilian Modernist movement. Oswald de Andrade's famous Manifesto Antropófago (Cannibal Manifesto) was partially inspired by Cendrars' works and ideas.

***Paul Claudel***

French ambassador to brazil.

Fostered cultural exchange between France and Brazil.

Poiret

French designer that was revered in Brazil.

***Léger***

Painter Asssociated w cubist and modern art movement.

Inspiration for the brazilian modern art movement.

Tarsila do Amaral, in particular, is a notable Brazilian artist who was influenced by Léger's ideas. She spent some time in Paris during the 1920s and was exposed to European modern art, including the works of Léger. Her art, which combines elements of Cubism and modernist aesthetics with Brazilian themes and colors, reflects the influence of Léger's style.

***Josephine Baker***

Josephine Baker, the renowned American-born French dancer, singer, and actresswho was beloved in brazil.

Baker's success as a black performer on the international stage challenged prevailing racial stereotypes. She became a symbol of empowerment for Afro-Brazilians and other marginalized communities.

***Futurism***

In architecture, the influence of Futurism can be seen in the works of Brazilian architects, such as Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer.

* Think Brasilia, the capital


* Originated in Italy, but migrated into Brazil in the 20s/30s 
* Oswald de Andrade 
* Brazilian writer and cultural critic: associated with Futurism; Cannibal Manifesto 
* Modern artists (Tarsila do Amaral, Anita Malfatti, and Mário de Andrade) incorporated aspects of futurism into their works.

***Cubism***

Fragmented and multitude of perspectives root 

* Tarsila do Amaral 
* Abaporu is an example of Cubism; fragmented representation of a figure in a landscape with geometric forms and multiple perspectives 
* Was essential in establishing a distinct Brazilian modernist stype while keeping in mind the country’s cultural diversity and unique racial make-up/what that meant for their daily lives. 

***L’Esprit nouveau***

French magazine

* Modern ideas and encouraged a break from traditional artistic and architectural forms

***Ramón Gómez de la Serna***

Spanish writer and playwriter 

* innovative writing style, characterized by short and fragmented narratives, and his contributions to the development of avant-garde literature. 
* Influenced brazuluan literary techniques

***Patrícia Galvão (Pagu), Parque Industrial***

Brazilian writer, poet, and activist

* Challenged social norms and advocated for women’s rights
* "Parque Industrial" is a novel written by Pagu, published in 1933. The novel explores themes of industrialization, social inequality, and the dehumanizing effects of modernization.

***Rockefeller and the Office of Inter-American Affairs***

1940s 

* Aimed at strengthened cultural and economic ties between the US and LA 
* Franklin D. Roosevelt

***Role of University of Chicago, Robert M. Hutchins***

The University of Chicago, under the leadership of Robert M. Hutchins, played a significant role in intellectual exchanges between the United States and Brazil