Exam 2 Study Guide

• A hasty generalization occurs when a speaker: makes unjustified conclusions from small, selective & unjustified evidence*

• “All coffee is good. Starbucks sells coffee. Therefore this Starbucks coffee is good” is an example of inductive reasoning. False

• A slippery slope fallacy is exemplified through which of the following? “If I don’t get a raise, then I’ll quit, relocate and have to start all over.*

• A specific purpose (specific goal) includes the general purpose, the intended audience, and the topic. True

• A politician claims that a voter can be only pro-life or pro-choice. Either-or fallacy

• A thesis is a one-sentence preview of your main points that you say aloud during your speech before your speech body. True

• All extemporaneous speeches should be thoroughly outlined. How should outlining take place? Use a full-sentence outline, rehearse & write speaking notes on notecards

• An important question to ask when researching to find a source is how recent the information was published. True

• At a minimum, where should a speaker include transition & signposts? Between the intro & body, before each main point, and before the conclusion

• Jimmy Valvano in his speech “Never Give Up” used pathos appeal because he gave a personal story about having cancer. True

• Deductive reasoning moves from general claims to specific instances. True

• Extemporaneous speeches allow the speaker to be natural and adaptable. True

• If Ben attends a wedding and the bride asks him at the last minute to give a speech and he agrees, then he will give an impromptu speech

• If you find an image online for your speech you don’t need to cite it because it's just an image, not someone else’s idea. False

• In order to engage public speaking dialogically, you should try to: all of the above

• In order to ethically present an informative speech, you must tell your audience specifically where the info Came from. True

• A time pattern organizes a speech based on chronological order.

• When asked about who is the best political candidate, Carson responds by stating his favorite restaurant. He is arguing red herring*

• Inductive reasoning is used when a speaker moves from specific examples to a broader claim. True

• Listeners are required to determine the truth when there is a proposition of fact.

• Audiences usually tend to listen more carefully during the beginning and end of a speech.

• Sam is trying to determine whether a website is credible. The best way to assess the credibility of the website would be: credentials of the author and the bias of the source

• The ad hominem fallacy occurs when a person attacks another person’s character/circumstances, rather than the address the issue itself.*

• The highness or lowness of a person’s voice is called pitch.

• When you picture yourself presenting a successful speech beforehand, you are using visualization, helping reduce anxiety.

• To lead essentially means the ability to influence. True

• Decision-making, prob. Solving & effective comm are the most important skills employers are looking for in a candidate. True

• Annie was assigned a group project. Because she took on several tasks, before she knew it, she was treated as a leader. This is emergent leadership.

• If you cannot physically perform the steps in a demonstration during a speech, you could use a visual aid that clearly shows the steps.

• Aristotle suggested one way to appeal to audience members is through intellectual appeal and reasoning, known as logos

• A way to reduce speech anxiety and increase confidence is through cognitive restructuring, which includes: replacing any negative self-talk with positive self-talk*

• When a person is slowly introduced to a fear, each time they overcome the fear, the intensity of the fear decreases. Desensitization

• Slowing down, using pauses and adding visuals when speaking helps you reduce vocal fillers. True

• Often in academic depts., the faculty chair is picked by the college dean. What leadership selection does this reflect? Appointed*

• Groups often are different sizes, but groups are most effective completing a project when they are b/w: 5-7 members*

• Leaders should promote group cohesiveness and inclusion among members. True

• If you don’t fit the minimum job qualifications for the job anyway because you never know what they’re looking for. False

• Nonparticipation in groups is the opposite of dominance. True

• Poor communication will doom the success of any group. True

• Which question may be regarded as evidence of an intent to discriminate against a person applying for a job? Do you have child care arrangements?

• What fallacy in reasoning is presented in this argument? Either-or, false-dilemma Either you like bacon or you’re wrong

• A small group consists of 2 to 7 people. False*

• If a speaker is asked a question and doesn’t know the answer, they should pretend and make something up to appear credible. False

• Public speaking empowers you to be audience-centered, ethical and to make the world a better place. True

• Which fallacy in reasoning includes misrepresenting a person and then attacking that misrepresentation? Straw person

• Which fallacy in reasoning is also considered the false dilemma? Either-or, Straw-person

• A proposition of value is where a speaker uses sound reasoning to convince an audience to do something (a call to action). False*