BMS II Exam I

4.7(3)
studied byStudied by 123 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/105

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

106 Terms

1
New cards

basophils are found in the

blood

2
New cards

mast cells are found in the

tissues

3
New cards

primary lymphoid tissue

thymus, bone marrow

4
New cards

secondary lymphoid tissue

spleen, lymph nodes

5
New cards

MHC II binds to CD__

4

6
New cards

MHC I binds to CD__

8

7
New cards

CD4 binds to T__

H

8
New cards

CD8 binds to T__

C

9
New cards

Benefits of the Immune System

  1. defense

  2. cancer detecting

  3. organ/blood transfers

10
New cards

tolerance

unresponsiveness to an antigen

non-self —> self

11
New cards

________ causes tolerance.

________________ causes activation, proliferation, differentiation.

__________________ gives no response in the immune system (anergy) .

tolerogen, immunogen, nonimmunogen

12
New cards

Tolerogenic Antigens cause a______sis.

apoptosis

13
New cards

T cells have a (shorter/longer) tolerance compared to B cells.

longer

14
New cards

A benefit of tolerance to non-self Ags:

kidney transplant

15
New cards

Disadvantages of tolerance:

  1. tolerance to certain foreign Ags

  2. tolerance to some self-Ags with cancer

16
New cards

In the presence of CTLA-4-B7, what happens to the T cell?

anergy- no response (inhibits the synthesis of IL-2 —→ apoptosis)

17
New cards

An anti-self B cell needs ______ to be activated.

TH

18
New cards

conjugate vaccine example/ form of protection

Haemophilus influenzae/ TH

19
New cards

subunit vaccine example/ form of protection

tetanus & diptheria/ Ab

20
New cards

live attenuated vaccine example/ form of protection

Sabin Polio/ Ab

21
New cards

synthetic vaccine example/ form of protection

Hepatitis/ Ab, cell-mediated

22
New cards

killed bacteria vaccine example/ form of protection

BCG/ Ab

23
New cards

Function of C3a

anaphylatoxic

24
New cards

C3b function

Opsonin

25
New cards

C4b function

Opsonin

26
New cards

C5a function

anaphylatoxic and chemotaxis

27
New cards

C5b function

component of MAC

28
New cards

Final Product of Complement

C5b678(9)6

29
New cards

Activators of the alternative pathway

LPS, IgA, cell wall fragments

30
New cards

Activators of the classic pathway

IgG complex, IgM

31
New cards

CTLA-4 inhibition causes

T cell anergy

32
New cards

How would you treat anaphylaxis type I?

Epinephrine

33
New cards

What causes hereditary angioedema?

C1 inhibitor deficiency

34
New cards

What causes acquired angioedema?

C1 inhibitor auto-Ab

35
New cards

Benefits of the immune system:

  1. protection against infections and cancer

  2. immunodiagnosis

36
New cards

Harms of the immune system:

HIGA

37
New cards

Plasma cells produce

Igs

38
New cards

T-dependent antigens

  1. antigen type

  2. does it class switch?

  3. memory?

  4. does it require APC?

  1. peptides

  2. yes

  3. yes

  4. yes

39
New cards

T-independent antigens

  1. antigen type

  2. does it class switch?

  3. memory?

  4. does it require APC?

  1. carbs, nucleic acids, LPS

  2. no class switching

  3. no memory

  4. no APC

40
New cards

IgA characteristics

  • breast feeding

  • secretory dimer

41
New cards

IgE characterisitics

  • antiparasitic

  • causes Type I Hypersensitivity

42
New cards

IgG characteristics

  • opsonin

  • neonatal immunity

  • ADCC

  • activate complement

  • feedback inhibition

43
New cards

IgM characteristics

  • b-cell receptor

  • activates complement

  • pentameric

  • diagnoses acute infections

44
New cards

IgD characterisitics

B-cell receptor

45
New cards

How many heavy and light chains on an antibody?

2L, 2H

46
New cards

Papain digests _______ into Fc and Fab.

antibodies

47
New cards

Changing what part of the Ab changes the class?

constant heavy chain

48
New cards

What determines Ab diversity?

random combos of the variable regions

49
New cards

Monoclonal Ab characteristics

  • from single clone

  • made in the hybridoma

  • same affinity

  • no avidity

50
New cards

Polyclonal Ab characterisitics

  • many clones

  • avidity

51
New cards

MHC I contains how many domains on the alpha chain?

5

52
New cards

MHC II has how many domains on the alpha and beta chains?

4

53
New cards

Alpha MHC-1 coding region (Which HLA’s?)

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

54
New cards

Alpha and Beta MHC-II coding region. (Which HLA)

HLA-D

55
New cards

TH1 cells secrete _____ which activates _____________

IFN-y , macrophage

56
New cards

TH2 cells secrete _______ which activates __ cells

IL-4 , B

57
New cards

TH2 release IL-___ and that inhibits

10 , TH1 production of IFNy

58
New cards

Codominant increases MHC diversity in the ___________.

Polymorphic increases MHC diversity in the ______________.

individual, population

59
New cards
  1. Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes is ______________.

  2. Listeria monocytogenes is (extra/intra)cellular.

  1. cell-mediated

  2. intracellular

60
New cards

Microbes that evade of the humoral immunity using antigenic variation.

  1. influenza virus

  2. HIV

  3. e.coli

  4. nesseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea)

61
New cards

Microbes that evade of the humoral immunity by resisting phagocytosis.

  1. streptococcus pneumoniae

  2. haemophilus influenzae

62
New cards

Cell-mediated immunity is necessary for defense against what?

  1. intracellular infection

  2. cancer

63
New cards

Leprosy is caused by what bacteria and what 2 forms?

Bacteria- mycobacterium leprae

Two forms- Tuberculoid and Lepromatous

64
New cards

A severe case of leprosy has what deficiency?

TH1

65
New cards

Microbes that evade the cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting phagosome fusion.

mycobacterium tuberculosis

66
New cards

Microbes that evade the cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting Ag presentation.

HSV, CMV, EBV

67
New cards

EBV evades the cell-mediated immunity by doing what 2 things?

  1. produces IL-10

  2. Inhibiting Ag presentation

68
New cards

The pox virus does what?

inhibits macrophage activation

69
New cards

IgE is associated with which hypersensitivity?

Type I

70
New cards

Mast Cells and basophils are associated with which hypersensitivity?

Type I

71
New cards

Myasthenia gravis is transient because

passed from mother —→ baby

72
New cards

What is the universal blood donor?

O

73
New cards

What is the universal blood acceptor?

AB

74
New cards

Eosinophils use Ig__ to fight against parasites

E

75
New cards

Graves disease is a type ___ hypersensitivity.

II

76
New cards

Rheumatic fever is a type ___ hypersensitivity.

II

77
New cards

Poststrepococcal pyelonephritis is a type ____ hypersensitivity.

III

78
New cards

Poision Ivy/ Contact allergies are a type ____ hypersensitivity.

IV

79
New cards

______________ rejection is characterized by a preformed Ab, inflammation, and complement activation.

Hyperacute

80
New cards

___________ rejection is characterized by inflammation, cell-mediated, and stopping blood supply.

Acute

81
New cards

________________ rejection is characterized by failure after many years, and the blood vessels narrowing.

Chronic

82
New cards

CEA is a

colon cancer marker

83
New cards

CALLA is a

antigen associated with childhood leukemia

(CALLA= common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen)

84
New cards

AFP is a

Liver cancer marker

85
New cards

PSA is a

prostate cancer marker

86
New cards

GM1 monosialoganglioside is a

pancreatic cell marker

87
New cards

The magic bullet consists of

Ricin+ Monoclonal Ab

88
New cards

What cell is known for it’s cancer and virus surveillance?

NK

89
New cards

Tumor evasion of the immune system occurs by _________ MHC ___

downregulating MHC I

90
New cards

LAK cells are

NK cells activated by IL-2

91
New cards

A tumor antigen without costimulation causes

T cell anergy

92
New cards

Chimeric mAb do what?

reduce adverse immune responses

93
New cards

Name the type of graft:

donor and recipient are genetically identical i.e. twins

isograft

94
New cards

Name the type of graft:

same species, genes are different, rejection

allograft

95
New cards

Name the type of graft:

different species

xenograft

96
New cards

Name the type of graft:

From one part of YOUR body to another part of YOUR body

autograft

97
New cards

ADA and PNP causes

Autosomal SCID

98
New cards

Autosomal SCID is

progressive decrease in T and B cells. Due to ADA or PNP deficiency leads to accumulation of toxic metabolites.

99
New cards

X-linked SCID is more common in what gender?

male

100
New cards

chronic granulomatous disease is caused by a defect in the ___________.

phagocytes