BMS II Exam I

basophils are found in the

basophils are found in the

blood

mast cells are found in the

tissues

primary lymphoid tissue

thymus, bone marrow

secondary lymphoid tissue

spleen, lymph nodes

MHC II binds to CD__

4

MHC I binds to CD__

8

CD4 binds to T__

H

CD8 binds to T__

C

Benefits of the Immune System

1. defense

2. cancer detecting

3. organ/blood transfers

tolerance

unresponsiveness to an antigen

non-self —> self

________ causes tolerance.

________________ causes activation, proliferation, differentiation.

__________________ gives no response in the immune system (anergy) .

tolerogen, immunogen, nonimmunogen

Tolerogenic Antigens cause a______sis.

apoptosis

T cells have a (shorter/longer) tolerance compared to B cells.

longer

A benefit of tolerance to non-self Ags:

kidney transplant

Disadvantages of tolerance:

1. tolerance to certain foreign Ags

2. tolerance to some self-Ags with cancer

In the presence of CTLA-4-B7, what happens to the T cell?

anergy- no response (inhibits the synthesis of IL-2 —→ apoptosis)

An anti-self B cell needs ______ to be activated.

TH

conjugate vaccine example/ form of protection

Haemophilus influenzae/ TH

subunit vaccine example/ form of protection

tetanus & diptheria/ Ab

live attenuated vaccine example/ form of protection

Sabin Polio/ Ab

synthetic vaccine example/ form of protection

Hepatitis/ Ab, cell-mediated

killed bacteria vaccine example/ form of protection

BCG/ Ab

Function of C3a

anaphylatoxic

C3b function

Opsonin

C4b function

Opsonin

C5a function

anaphylatoxic and chemotaxis

C5b function

component of MAC

Final Product of Complement

C5b678(9)6

Activators of the alternative pathway

LPS, IgA, cell wall fragments

Activators of the classic pathway

IgG complex, IgM

CTLA-4 inhibition causes

T cell anergy

How would you treat anaphylaxis type I?

Epinephrine

What causes hereditary angioedema?

C1 inhibitor deficiency

What causes acquired angioedema?

C1 inhibitor auto-Ab

Benefits of the immune system:

1. protection against infections and cancer

2. immunodiagnosis

Harms of the immune system:

HIGA

Plasma cells produce

Igs

T-dependent antigens

1. antigen type

2. does it class switch?

3. memory?

4. does it require APC?

1. peptides

2. yes

3. yes

4. yes

T-independent antigens

1. antigen type

2. does it class switch?

3. memory?

4. does it require APC?

1. carbs, nucleic acids, LPS

2. no class switching

3. no memory

4. no APC

IgA characteristics

• breast feeding

• secretory dimer

IgE characterisitics

• antiparasitic

• causes Type I Hypersensitivity

IgG characteristics

• opsonin

• neonatal immunity

• ADCC

• activate complement

• feedback inhibition

IgM characteristics

• b-cell receptor

• activates complement

• pentameric

• diagnoses acute infections

IgD characterisitics

B-cell receptor

How many heavy and light chains on an antibody?

2L, 2H

Papain digests _______ into Fc and Fab.

antibodies

Changing what part of the Ab changes the class?

constant heavy chain

What determines Ab diversity?

random combos of the variable regions

Monoclonal Ab characteristics

• from single clone

• made in the hybridoma

• same affinity

• no avidity

Polyclonal Ab characterisitics

• many clones

• avidity

MHC I contains how many domains on the alpha chain?

5

MHC II has how many domains on the alpha and beta chains?

4

Alpha MHC-1 coding region (Which HLA’s?)

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

Alpha and Beta MHC-II coding region. (Which HLA)

HLA-D

TH1 cells secrete _____ which activates _____________

IFN-y , macrophage

TH2 cells secrete _______ which activates __ cells

IL-4 , B

TH2 release IL-___ and that inhibits

10 , TH1 production of IFNy

Codominant increases MHC diversity in the ___________.

Polymorphic increases MHC diversity in the ______________.

individual, population

1. Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes is ______________.

2. Listeria monocytogenes is (extra/intra)cellular.

1. cell-mediated

2. intracellular

Microbes that evade of the humoral immunity using antigenic variation.

1. influenza virus

2. HIV

3. e.coli

4. nesseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea)

Microbes that evade of the humoral immunity by resisting phagocytosis.

1. streptococcus pneumoniae

2. haemophilus influenzae

Cell-mediated immunity is necessary for defense against what?

1. intracellular infection

2. cancer

Leprosy is caused by what bacteria and what 2 forms?

Bacteria- mycobacterium leprae

Two forms- Tuberculoid and Lepromatous

A severe case of leprosy has what deficiency?

TH1

Microbes that evade the cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting phagosome fusion.

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Microbes that evade the cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting Ag presentation.

HSV, CMV, EBV

EBV evades the cell-mediated immunity by doing what 2 things?

1. produces IL-10

2. Inhibiting Ag presentation

The pox virus does what?

inhibits macrophage activation

IgE is associated with which hypersensitivity?

Type I

Mast Cells and basophils are associated with which hypersensitivity?

Type I

Myasthenia gravis is transient because

passed from mother —→ baby

What is the universal blood donor?

O

What is the universal blood acceptor?

AB

Eosinophils use Ig__ to fight against parasites

E

Graves disease is a type ___ hypersensitivity.

II

Rheumatic fever is a type ___ hypersensitivity.

II

Poststrepococcal pyelonephritis is a type ____ hypersensitivity.

III

Poision Ivy/ Contact allergies are a type ____ hypersensitivity.

IV

______________ rejection is characterized by a preformed Ab, inflammation, and complement activation.

Hyperacute

___________ rejection is characterized by inflammation, cell-mediated, and stopping blood supply.

Acute

________________ rejection is characterized by failure after many years, and the blood vessels narrowing.

Chronic

CEA is a

colon cancer marker

CALLA is a

antigen associated with childhood leukemia

(CALLA= common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen)

AFP is a

Liver cancer marker

PSA is a

prostate cancer marker

GM1 monosialoganglioside is a

pancreatic cell marker

The magic bullet consists of

Ricin+ Monoclonal Ab

What cell is known for it’s cancer and virus surveillance?

NK

Tumor evasion of the immune system occurs by _________ MHC ___

downregulating MHC I

LAK cells are

NK cells activated by IL-2

A tumor antigen without costimulation causes

T cell anergy

Chimeric mAb do what?

reduce adverse immune responses

Name the type of graft:

donor and recipient are genetically identical i.e. twins

isograft

Name the type of graft:

same species, genes are different, rejection

allograft

Name the type of graft:

different species

xenograft

Name the type of graft:

From one part of YOUR body to another part of YOUR body

autograft

ADA and PNP causes

Autosomal SCID

Autosomal SCID is

progressive decrease in T and B cells. Due to ADA or PNP deficiency leads to accumulation of toxic metabolites.

X-linked SCID is more common in what gender?

male

chronic granulomatous disease is caused by a defect in the ___________.

phagocytes