Honors Biology Final Exam Review 2025 – Part 2 Unit 3.2: Genetics

Vocabulary flashcards for genetics review.

Heredity

The passing of traits from parent to offspring.

Genetics

The study of how genes are passed from one generation to another.

Allele

Different forms of a gene.

Dominant Allele

An allele that will hide a recessive allele; uppercase notation.

Recessive Allele

An allele that is hidden by a dominant allele; lowercase notation.

Genotype

Genetic makeup; combination of alleles.

Phenotype

An organism's appearance.

Homozygous

Two of the same allele.

Heterozygous

Two different alleles.

Incomplete Dominance

Dominant allele can't completely hide the recessive allele.

Codominance

When 2 letters, both capital, are visible at the same time.

Sex-linked trait

Traits caused by genes found on the X and Y chromosomes.

Autosomal

Traits caused by genes on nonsex chromosomes.

Haploid

n cell with one set of chromosomes.

Diploid

2n a cell with 2 sets of chromosomes.

Nondisjunction

Chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis.

Hemophilia

Sex-linked recessive disorder where blood doesn't clot properly; more common in males.

Down Syndrome

Caused by trisomy 21, an extra chromosome.

Sickle-cell anemia

Blood linked recessive; males are more affected.

Colorblindness

A sex-linked trait that affects the perception of color.

Huntington’s disease

A dominant genetic disorder.

Polydactyly

More than 5 toes or fingers; repertes in Autosomal Genes.