Tuberculosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Croup Syndromes

TB risk factors

include close contact with infected individuals, weakened immune system, living in crowded conditions, and substance abuse, foreign immigrants from less affluent countries

TB clinical manifestations

can include persistent cough, chest pain, weight loss, fever, night sweats, and fatigue- may be present for weeks or months

TB Diagnostic tests

Chest xray, sputum culture, skin or Mantoux test

Nursing actions for TB

promote airway clearance , increase fluids, reduce spread of infection, administer medications, encourage rest, cluster cares

1st line TB treatment

includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for 4-9 months

Cystic Fibrosis

A genetic disorder affecting the respiratory and digestive systems, leading to thick mucus buildup, recurrent infections, and difficulty in breathing. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

CF nutrition management

well balanced, high protein, high calorie, replacement of pancreatic enzymes and vitamins to support growth and development.

Chest physiotherapy

A treatment technique that involves manual or mechanical manipulation of the chest to help clear mucus from the lungs in patients with respiratory conditions like cystic fibrosis. It improves lung function and reduces the risk of infections.

CF nursing care

assessment of respiratory and GI systems, feeding and stooling patterns, education to parentabout the disease, treatment options, and ensuring adherence to therapies.

what patient population is at highest risk for impaired gas exchange

infants, young children, elderly

what structures are affected by upper respiratory infections?

oropharynx, pharynx, larynx, upper trachea

Acute epiglotittis

is a severe infection that causes inflammation of the epiglottis, leading to potential airway obstruction. It is most often seen in children and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

symptoms of acute epiglottitis

absent cough, drooling, agitation, fever, irritability, dysphonia, dysphagiaand stridor.

acute epiglottitis nursing care

humidified oxygen by mask or blow by, administer antibiotics & corticosteroids, avoid agitation/crying, do not use a tongue depressor, monitor respiratory status, never give sedatives, have emergency supplies for intubation nearby, IVF, keep NPO

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis

is an infection that produces swelling in the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, commonly caused by viral infections and characterized by a barking cough, stridor, and difficulty breathing.

acute spasmodic laryngitis

is a form of croup that occurs in infants and young children, characterized by sudden onset of a barky cough, stridor, and respiratory distress, often occurring at night and typically resolving quickly.

bacterial tracheitis

upper tracheal and soft tissue infection caused by LTB but unresponsive to LTB treatments usually requiring hospitalization and aggressive treatment with antibiotics.

RSV clinical manifestations

URI, rhinorrhea, fever, otitis media, conjunctivitis, coughing, sneezing, poor feeding, wheezing, contractions, crackles, dyspnea, diminished breath sounds, cyanosis, apnea, severe tachypnea