bio practical 3

define radial symmetry

different cutting planes made through the center produces identical pieces

* does zygote divide by mitosis or meiosis?
* ____: hollow ball of cells during embryonic development
* label
* are blastomeres haploid or diploid?

mitosis, blastula, 4 celled stage, 8 celled stage, 16 celled stage, blastomere, blastula, blastocoel, diploid

* what is this model of?
* label the following
* ____: stage where blastula folds inwards

a. this creates the ____

gastrula, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, archenteron, gastrulation, archenteron

how to differentiate between blastula and morula model?

blastula has more cells

* what does endoderm make?


* what does mesoderm make?
* what does ectoderm make?

digestive system inner lining and respiratory system, muscles and organs, skin and nervous system

PORIFERA

* germ layers?
* body cavity?
* symmetry?
* digestive system?

a. how do they capture food?
* members of this phylum?
* what distinguishes sponges from plants?

a: lack chloroplasts, structure comes from spicules/spongin, heterotrophic
* endoskeleton composition?

no, no, asymmetrical, none, food goes in ostia and out osculum, sponges, spicules and spongin

* name?
* label

colonial sponge, spongocoel, ostium, osculum

* name?
* endoskeleton composition?

bath sponge, spongin

* name?
* endoskeleton composition?

venus flower basket, spicules

* name?
* endoskeleton composition?

colonial sponge, spongin and spicules

* fossil name
* what is it?

asterospongia, glass spicules

CNIDARIA

* germ layers?
* body cavity?
* symmetry?
* digestive system?

a. what type
* what 2 life forms?
* ____: needle that discharges from cnidocyte to sting/capture prey


* ____: earliest form of nervous system

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2, acoelomate, radial, incomplete, gastrovascular cavity, polyp and medusa, nematocyst, nerve net

* name?
* label
* why does a feeding polyp need tentacles?
* why does a reproductive polyp have medusa buds?

obelia, reproductive polyps, feeding polyps, capture food, reproduce

* name?
* label

hydra, mouth, tentacle, gastrovascular cavity, nematocyst, cnidocyte, asexual bud, nerve net

CTENOPHORA

* how are they different from cnidarians?
* member of this phylum?
* how is the gut (digestive system) in ctenophores?

no cnidocytes and have complete gut, sea walnut, complete

PLATYHELMINTHES

* germ layers?
* body cavity?
* symmetry?
* digestive system?
* first animal to have ______

3, acoelomate, bilateral, incomplete, cephalization

* name?
* label

planarian, eyespot, auricle, pharynx, gastrovascular cavity

* where do liver flukes live in human bodies?
* what other hosts do they inhibit aside from humans?
* how do humans acquire them?

bile duct, snail and fish, eating infected fish

PLATYHELMINTHES

* flukes are hermaphrodites (have both male + female reproductive structures)

a. pros?

b. cons?

increased chance of reproduction, asexual, takes more energy

* name?
* label

chinese liver fluke, uterus, testes, gastrovascular cavity, ovaries

PLATYHELMINTHES

* insect vector that transmits tapeworm → dogs?


* how does a person acquire them?
* how do tapeworms survive without digestive system?
* ____: for attaching onto host intestine

fleas, animals, diffusion, hooks and suckers

* name?
* label

tapeworm, scolex, hooks, suckers, immature proglottid, mature proglottid, gravid proglottid, testes, ovary

ANNELIDA

* digestive system?
* coelom situation?
* ____: secretes mucus sac to hold eggs until hatched
* ____: allows for repeated body units + assist in locomotion

complete, coelomate, clitellum, segmentation

* name?
* label

earthworm, mouth, pharynx, aorotic arches, crop, gizzard, seminal vesicles, seminal receptacles, clitellum, segmentation

* names?

tube worm, leech, marine worm

MOLLUSCA

* 3 classes?

bivalvia, gastropoda, cephalopoda

* name?
* label

snail, muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle

* names?

lightening whelk, lightening whelk egg case

names?

slug, murex

names?

clam, scallop

* name?
* label

clam, mantle, foot, visceral mass, adductor muscle, gills, heart

* name?
* label

squid, mantle, gills, siphon, arm, sucker, tentacle

* name?
* label?

planarian, eyespot, auricle, pharynx, gastrovascular cavity

* name?
* label

ascaris, vagina, uterus, intestine, ovary

* name?
* label
* how do humans acquire it?
* why do you have to cook meat to 145F?

trichenella, cyst, larva, muscle tissue, ingesting undercooked infected meat, kills trichenella

* name?
* what insect vector transmits this to dogs?

heartworms, mosquitos

4 subphylums of arthropoda?

chelicerata, crustacea, hexapoda, myriapoda

* name?
* label

crayfish, gills, abdomen, cephalothorax, compound eye, antennae, walking legs, pincers, heart, antennules, telson, rostrum, swimmerets

* name?
* label

grasshopper, mouth, brain, thorax, gastric cacae, ovaries, eggs, hearts, ventral nerve cord, head, thorax, abdomen, wings, ovipositor, spiracles, compound eye, antennae

* type of metamorphosis?
* label stages

incomplete, egg, nymph, adult

* type of metamorphosis?
* label stages

complete, egg, larva, pupa, adult

* how many pairs per segment of centipede?


* how many pairs per segment of millipede?

1, 2

* name
* phylum?
* class?
* label

horseshoe crab, arthropoda, chelicerata, telson, compound eye, cephalothorax, book gills

* name?
* label

scorpion, cephalothorax, walking legs, stinger

* name?
* label

tarantula, cephalothorax, abdomen, legs, pedipalps

* name?
* label

dead leaf mantid, head, thorax, abdomen

label

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ampulla, ambulacral ridge, gonads, stomach, anus, digestive glands, madreporite, radial canal, ring canal

* label

spines, papulae, pedicellariae

* label

tube feet, mouth, ambulacral groove

label

sea urchin, pencil sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar

* do deuterostomes have internal or external skeleton?

internal

* distinct chordata traits?

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, postanal

* name
* subphylum?
* label

lancelet, cephalochordata, dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, oral tentacles, postanal tail

* label animals


* subphylum?
* class
* which animal is the predator?

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hagfish, lamprey, vertebrata, cyclostomata, lamprey

* label animals


* subphylum?
* class
* teeth made of what?
* skeleton made of what?
* what happens if they stop swimming

dogfin shark, skate, vertebrata, chondrichthyes, dentacles, cartilage, sinks and stops breathing

* seahorse & pufferfish are examples of what subphylum?


* class
* skeletons made of what?
* what happens if they stop swimming?
* advantages they have over chondrichthyes?

vertebrata, osteichthyes stay still, operculum and swim bladder

* label orders
* subphylum?
* class
* advantages they have over osteicthyes?
* how do they solve their small lung problems?
* number of chamber hearts?

anura, urodela, apoda, vertebrata, amphibia, limbs, cutaneous respiration, 3

* label orders of reptilia class (no picture)
* subphylum?
* what helps them live independently from water?
* number of chamber hearts?

testudines, squamata, crocodilia, vertebrata, tough thick skin, 3

how do birds adapt to flight?

* function of keel bone?

small hollow bones, reduced organs, air sac, attachment site for wing muscles

* name 2 mammals from lab
* subphylum?
* class
* ____: animals that lay eggs, no nipples
* ____: animals that give live birth, well-developed nipples

echidna, duck billed platypus, vertebrata, mammalia, monotremes, placentals

* name?
* label

shark, dorsal fin, pectoral fin, pelvic fin, gills slits, ventral mouth

* name?
* label

skate, dorsal fin, pectoral fin, pelvic fin, gills slits, ventral mouth, spiracles

PORIFERA

* germ layers
* body cavity
* symmetry
* digestive system

none, acoeloomate, asymmetrical, none

CNIDARIA

* germ layers
* body cavity
* symmetry
* digestive system

2, acoelomate, radial, gastrovascular cavity

CTENOPHORA

* germ layers
* body cavity
* symmetry
* digestive system

2, acoelomate, radial, complete

PLATYHELMINTHES

* germ layers
* body cavity
* digestive system

3, acoelomate, gastrovascular cavity

NEMATODA

* germ layers
* body cavity
* digestive system

3, pseudocoelomate, complete

BRACHIOPODA

* germ layers
* body cavity
* digestive system

3, coelomate, complete

MOLLUSCA

* germ layers
* body cavity
* digestive system

3, coelomate, complete

ANNELIDA

* germ layers
* body cavity
* digestive system

3, coelomate, complete

label

three chamber heart, lungs, liver, stomach, galbladder, kidneys, eggs, oviducts, intestines, urinary bladder, vormine teeth

name?

* chondricthyes or osteiocthyes?

perch, osteiocthyes

label

mature proglottid

label

gravid proglottid

* name?


* class?

nautilus, cephalopoda

* name?
* phylum?

sea walnut, ctenophora

* names?
* found where?

coral, copperhead, rattlensnake, water mocassin, houston area

* name? IDK YET MAN
* label

sheep liver fluke, uterus, ovary, testes, gastrovascular cavity

* phylum?
* subphylum?
* label

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arthropoda, myriapoda, centipede, millipede

define bilateral symmetry

cutting planes through the center produces left and right halves

label the fossils

thalassina, eurypterid, trilobite

label the insects by order

lepidoptera, **coleoptera**, odonata, orthoptera, hymenoptera, diptera