bio practical 3

define radial symmetry

define radial symmetry

different cutting planes made through the center produces identical pieces

• does zygote divide by mitosis or meiosis?

• ____: hollow ball of cells during embryonic development

• label

• are blastomeres haploid or diploid?

mitosis, blastula, 4 celled stage, 8 celled stage, 16 celled stage, blastomere, blastula, blastocoel, diploid

• what is this model of?

• label the following

• ____: stage where blastula folds inwards

  a. this creates the ____

gastrula, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm, archenteron, gastrulation, archenteron

how to differentiate between blastula and morula model?

blastula has more cells

• what does endoderm make?

• what does mesoderm make?

• what does ectoderm make?

digestive system inner lining and respiratory system, muscles and organs, skin and nervous system

PORIFERA

• germ layers?

• body cavity?

• symmetry?

• digestive system?

  a. how do they capture food?

• members of this phylum?

• what distinguishes sponges from plants?

  a: lack chloroplasts, structure comes from spicules/spongin, heterotrophic

• endoskeleton composition?

no, no, asymmetrical, none, food goes in ostia and out osculum, sponges, spicules and spongin

• name?

• label

colonial sponge, spongocoel, ostium, osculum

• name?

• endoskeleton composition?

bath sponge, spongin

• name?

• endoskeleton composition?

venus flower basket, spicules

• name?

• endoskeleton composition?

colonial sponge, spongin and spicules

• fossil name

• what is it?

asterospongia, glass spicules

CNIDARIA

• germ layers?

• body cavity?

• symmetry?

• digestive system?

  a. what type

• what 2 life forms?

• ____: needle that discharges from cnidocyte to sting/capture prey

• ____: earliest form of nervous system

2, acoelomate, radial, incomplete, gastrovascular cavity, polyp and medusa, nematocyst, nerve net

• name?

• label

• why does a feeding polyp need tentacles?

• why does a reproductive polyp have medusa buds?

obelia, reproductive polyps, feeding polyps, capture food, reproduce

• name?

• label

hydra, mouth, tentacle, gastrovascular cavity, nematocyst, cnidocyte, asexual bud, nerve net

CTENOPHORA

• how are they different from cnidarians?

• member of this phylum?

• how is the gut (digestive system) in ctenophores?

no cnidocytes and have complete gut, sea walnut, complete

PLATYHELMINTHES

• germ layers?

• body cavity?

• symmetry?

• digestive system?

• first animal to have ______

3, acoelomate, bilateral, incomplete, cephalization

• name?

• label

planarian, eyespot, auricle, pharynx, gastrovascular cavity

• where do liver flukes live in human bodies?

• what other hosts do they inhibit aside from humans?

• how do humans acquire them?

bile duct, snail and fish, eating infected fish

PLATYHELMINTHES

• flukes are hermaphrodites (have both male + female reproductive structures)

a. pros?

b. cons?

increased chance of reproduction, asexual, takes more energy

• name?

• label

chinese liver fluke, uterus, testes, gastrovascular cavity, ovaries

PLATYHELMINTHES

• insect vector that transmits tapeworm → dogs?

• how does a person acquire them?

• how do tapeworms survive without digestive system?

• ____: for attaching onto host intestine

fleas, animals, diffusion, hooks and suckers

• name?

• label

tapeworm, scolex, hooks, suckers, immature proglottid, mature proglottid, gravid proglottid, testes, ovary

ANNELIDA

• digestive system?

• coelom situation?

• ____: secretes mucus sac to hold eggs until hatched

• ____: allows for repeated body units + assist in locomotion

complete, coelomate, clitellum, segmentation

• name?

• label

earthworm, mouth, pharynx, aorotic arches, crop, gizzard, seminal vesicles, seminal receptacles, clitellum, segmentation

• names?

tube worm, leech, marine worm

MOLLUSCA

• 3 classes?

bivalvia, gastropoda, cephalopoda

• name?

• label

snail, muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle

• names?

lightening whelk, lightening whelk egg case

names?

slug, murex

names?

clam, scallop

• name?

• label

clam, mantle, foot, visceral mass, adductor muscle, gills, heart

• name?

• label

squid, mantle, gills, siphon, arm, sucker, tentacle

• name?

• label?

planarian, eyespot, auricle, pharynx, gastrovascular cavity

• name?

• label

ascaris, vagina, uterus, intestine, ovary

• name?

• label

• how do humans acquire it?

• why do you have to cook meat to 145F?

trichenella, cyst, larva, muscle tissue, ingesting undercooked infected meat, kills trichenella

• name?

• what insect vector transmits this to dogs?

heartworms, mosquitos

4 subphylums of arthropoda?

chelicerata, crustacea, hexapoda, myriapoda

• name?

• label

crayfish, gills, abdomen, cephalothorax, compound eye, antennae, walking legs, pincers, heart, antennules, telson, rostrum, swimmerets

• name?

• label

grasshopper, mouth, brain, thorax, gastric cacae, ovaries, eggs, hearts, ventral nerve cord, head, thorax, abdomen, wings, ovipositor, spiracles, compound eye, antennae

• type of metamorphosis?

• label stages

incomplete, egg, nymph, adult

• type of metamorphosis?

• label stages

complete, egg, larva, pupa, adult

• how many pairs per segment of centipede?

• how many pairs per segment of millipede?

1, 2

• name

• phylum?

• class?

• label

horseshoe crab, arthropoda, chelicerata, telson, compound eye, cephalothorax, book gills

• name?

• label

scorpion, cephalothorax, walking legs, stinger

• name?

• label

tarantula, cephalothorax, abdomen, legs, pedipalps

• name?

• label

dead leaf mantid, head, thorax, abdomen

label

ampulla, ambulacral ridge, gonads, stomach, anus, digestive glands, madreporite, radial canal, ring canal

• label

spines, papulae, pedicellariae

• label

tube feet, mouth, ambulacral groove

label

sea urchin, pencil sea urchin, sea cucumber, sand dollar

• do deuterostomes have internal or external skeleton?

internal

• distinct chordata traits?

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, postanal

• name

• subphylum?

• label

lancelet, cephalochordata, dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, oral tentacles, postanal tail

• label animals

• subphylum?

• class

• which animal is the predator?

hagfish, lamprey, vertebrata, cyclostomata, lamprey

• label animals

• subphylum?

• class

• teeth made of what?

• skeleton made of what?

• what happens if they stop swimming

dogfin shark, skate, vertebrata, chondrichthyes, dentacles, cartilage, sinks and stops breathing

• seahorse & pufferfish are examples of what subphylum?

• class

• skeletons made of what?

• what happens if they stop swimming?

• advantages they have over chondrichthyes?

vertebrata, osteichthyes stay still, operculum and swim bladder

• label orders

• subphylum?

• class

• advantages they have over osteicthyes?

• how do they solve their small lung problems?

• number of chamber hearts?

anura, urodela, apoda, vertebrata, amphibia, limbs, cutaneous respiration, 3

• label orders of reptilia class (no picture)

• subphylum?

• what helps them live independently from water?

• number of chamber hearts?

testudines, squamata, crocodilia, vertebrata, tough thick skin, 3

how do birds adapt to flight?

• function of keel bone?

small hollow bones, reduced organs, air sac, attachment site for wing muscles

• name 2 mammals from lab

• subphylum?

• class

• ____: animals that lay eggs, no nipples

• ____: animals that give live birth, well-developed nipples

echidna, duck billed platypus, vertebrata, mammalia, monotremes, placentals

• name?

• label

shark, dorsal fin, pectoral fin, pelvic fin, gills slits, ventral mouth

• name?

• label

skate, dorsal fin, pectoral fin, pelvic fin, gills slits, ventral mouth, spiracles

PORIFERA

• germ layers

• body cavity

• symmetry

• digestive system

none, acoeloomate, asymmetrical, none

CNIDARIA

• germ layers

• body cavity

• symmetry

• digestive system

2, acoelomate, radial, gastrovascular cavity

CTENOPHORA

• germ layers

• body cavity

• symmetry

• digestive system

2, acoelomate, radial, complete

PLATYHELMINTHES

• germ layers

• body cavity

• digestive system

3, acoelomate, gastrovascular cavity

NEMATODA

• germ layers

• body cavity

• digestive system

3, pseudocoelomate, complete

BRACHIOPODA

• germ layers

• body cavity

• digestive system

3, coelomate, complete

MOLLUSCA

• germ layers

• body cavity

• digestive system

3, coelomate, complete

ANNELIDA

• germ layers

• body cavity

• digestive system

3, coelomate, complete

label

three chamber heart, lungs, liver, stomach, galbladder, kidneys, eggs, oviducts, intestines, urinary bladder, vormine teeth

name?

• chondricthyes or osteiocthyes?

perch, osteiocthyes

label

mature proglottid

label

gravid proglottid

• name?

• class?

nautilus, cephalopoda

• name?

• phylum?

sea walnut, ctenophora

• names?

• found where?

coral, copperhead, rattlensnake, water mocassin, houston area

• name? IDK YET MAN

• label

sheep liver fluke, uterus, ovary, testes, gastrovascular cavity

• phylum?

• subphylum?

• label

arthropoda, myriapoda, centipede, millipede

define bilateral symmetry

cutting planes through the center produces left and right halves

label the fossils

thalassina, eurypterid, trilobite

label the insects by order

lepidoptera, coleoptera, odonata, orthoptera, hymenoptera, diptera