Biology Chapter 10: Section 10.4

supplies the body with oxygen and rids it of excess carbon dioxide

respiratory system

primary organ of the respiratory system; large, spongy organs located inside the thoracic cavity on opposite sides of your heart

lungs

the process of breathing- inhaling and exhaling air- and gas exchange

external respiration

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood cells and the tissue

internal respiration

the process of releasing energy from food

cellular respiration

the air is warmed, moistened, and filtered as it passes through the?

nasal cavity

irregularly shaped pockets, or air spaces, in the naval cavity

nasal meatuses

another name for voice box

larynx

the opening of the trachea

glottis

the flap of tissue that covers the opening of the trachea

epiglottis

made of cartilage, can be felt under the chin as the Adam's apple

larynx (voice box)

produce sound for speech; inside the larynx

vocal cords

the trachea divides into 2 branches called?

bronchi

as each bronchus enters a lung, it divides into several branches called?

secondary bronchi

the secondary bronchi branch many times to from still smaller tubes called?

bronchioles

the bronchi and their branches, including the bronchioles

bronchial tubes

the smallest bronchioles end in small sac-like structures

alveoli

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

diffusion

inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes

bronchitis

a bacterial or viral infection of the linings in the lungs that causes the lungs to secrete large quantities of fluid

pneumonia

an allergic condition characterized by spasms of the bronchial tube muscles; the tubes suddenly constrict, making breathing difficult

bronchial asthma

expandable cage of bone

rib cage

double membrane; lines the inside of the rib cage, providing lubrication to prevent friction between the ribes and the delicate surface of the lungs

pleura

when the pleura becomes inflamed, a painful condition occurs

pleurisy

airtight chamber, which is a thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

diaphragm

a special enlargement of the trachea (voice box)

larynx

muscles that act together to move the vocal cords

laryngeal muscles

contract and lift the ribs and breastbone up and out

intercostal muscles

air rushes in to equalize the pressure

inhalation

air rushes from the lungs to equalize the pressure

exhalation

where breathing is controlled

medulla oblongata

the maximum volume you can inhale and exhale

vital capacity

an instrument designed to measure air volumes

spirometer

the normal amount of air we exhale and inhale

tidal volume

the most common respiratory disease

common cold

caused by viruses that infect the respiratory system, causing fever, aching muscles, headache, and chest pain

influenza (flu)

caused by a slow-growing bacterium (mycobacterium tuberculosis) that infects the lungs

tuberculosis

a progressive deterioration of the alveoli caused by malfunctioning enzymes

emphysema

one of the most common hereditary disease in the United States; caused by genetic defect that affects the chlorine gates of lung cell membranes, hindering the lungs’ defenses against bacterial infection and causing the lungs to fill with a thick, gummy mucus

Cystic Fibrosis

the most devastating respiratory disease; an uncontrolled growth of abnormal lung cells

lung cancer

smoke inhaled from being around someone who is smoking

secondhand smoke