circulatory system + cells

vessels

vessels

the overarching term for the tubes which transport blood

arteries

carry blood away from the heart; thick to withstand high blood pressure

parts of the circulatory system

the blood, the heart and the blood vessels

veins

carry blood to the heart; small and thin to allow blood to pass through quickly

cardiac muscle

the tissue the heart is made up of; good muscle for heart as it doesn’t tire

vena cava

a large vein which carries deoxygenated blood to the heart

aorta

largest artery; transports blood from the heart to the rest of the body

right atrium

pumps de-oxygenated blood to the right ventricle

organisation of cells

cells ➡ tissue ➡ organs ➡ organ system ➡ organism

Robert Hooke

first person to observe cells and use the word “cells” to describe them

Robert Brown

observed the nucleus

Schleiden and Schwann’s theory

the cell is the basic building block of life; all living things are made of cells and cells are alive; distinguished between unicellular and multicellular organisms

Virchow

added that all cells came from pre-exsisting cells (mitosis)

mitosis

when one cell divides into two identical cells

aim of mitosis

to allow growth by dividing and repair cells by making identical copies to replace damaged cells

new treatments using stem cells

isolated then grown in a lab; transplanted into patient’s tissue that is damaged; biological environment triggers differentiation of the stem cells into functional specialised cells

stem cells

unspecialised cells (no specific function); have the potential to become specialised and continue dividing into more cells; specialised cells like skin, muscle and bone cells have special functions that allow your body to function properly

risk factors for heart disease

• bad diet

• lack of physical activity

• obesity

• high blood pressure

• high cholesterol levels

• genetics

  • ethnicity

  • gender

• family history

• alcohol

• smoking

• mental illness

choronary heart disease (CHD)

when a coronary artery clogs and narrows/stiffens because of a buildup of plaque

meiosis

produces sperm and eggs in sexually reproducing organisms

cancer

cells that divide uncontrollably