BLOOD VESSELS AND CIRCULATION PPT (ALMO)

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Blood vessels outside the heart are divided into two classes:

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Blood vessels outside the heart are divided into two classes:

pulmonary vessels

systemic vessels

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which transport blood from the right ventricle of the heart through the lungs and back to the left atrium

pulmonary vessels

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which transport blood from the left ventricle of the heart through all parts of the body and back to the right atrium

systemic vessels

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Blood Vessel Functions

Carry blood .

Exchange nutrients, waste products, gases within tissues

. Transport substances -.

Regulate blood pressure .

Direct blood flow to tissues

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Carry blood to the heart

Walls are thinner

contain less elastic tissue and fewer smooth muscle cells

Veins

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Carry blood away from the heart

more elastic tissue than smooth muscle

Arteries

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exchange of substances such as O2, nutrients, CO2, and other waste products occurs

Capillaries

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Blood Flow

  1. Blood flows from arteries into ___

  2. Arterioles into ….

  3. Capillaries into …..

  4. Venules to …..

  5. Veins return to ….

  1. arterioles

  2. capillaries

  3. venules

  4. small veins

  5. heart

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Blood Vessel Walls

innermost layer .

simple squamous

Tunica intima:

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middle layer

smooth muscle with elastic and collagen

Tunica media:

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outermost layer

connective tissue

Tunica adventitia:

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Types of Arteries

largest in diameter

thickest walls

Example - aorta and pulmonary trunk

Elastic arteries:

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medium to small size

thick in diameter

contain smooth muscle cells

can control blood flow to body regions

Muscular arteries:

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  • Blood flows from arterioles into capillaries

  • Capillaries branch to form networks

  • Blood flow is regulated by smooth muscle cells, precapillary sphincters

Capillaries

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Walls consist of only a simple endothelium surrounded by delicate loose connective tissue.

Capillaries

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Blood flows from capillaries into venules

Blood flows from venules into small veins

All 3 tunics are present in small veins

true

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collect blood from small veins and deliver to large veins

Medium sized veins

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contain valves

Large veins

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Pulmonary Circulation Vessels

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blood vessels that carry blood from right ventricle to lungs and back from left atrium of heart

Pulmonary circulation

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blood pump from right ventricle towards lung

Pulmonary trunk:

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exit lungs and carry 02 rich blood to left atrium

Pulmonary veins

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carries blood from the left ventricle to the tissues of the body and back to the right atrium.

Systemic Circulation Vessels

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Oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins passes from the left atrium into the left ventricle and from the left ventricle into the aorta

. Arteries distribute blood from the aorta to all portions of the body

Systemic Circulation Vessels

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Parts of the Aorta

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passes superiorly from left ventricle

Ascending

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3 major arteries which carry blood to head and upper limbs

Aortic arch

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extends through thorax and abdomen to pelvis

Descending

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part of descending aorta that extends through thorax to diaphragm

Thoracic

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descending aorta that extends from diaphragm where it divides at the common iliac arteries

Abdominal

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Branches of aortic arch:

brachiocephalic artery

left common carotid artery

• left subclavian

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• first branch off aortic arch

  • supplies blood to right side of head and neck

Brachiocephalic artery

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• 2nd branch off aortic arch

  • supplies blood to the left side of head and neck

Left common carotid artery

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3rd branch off aortic arch

supplies blood to left upper limbs

Left subclavian artery

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branches off brachiocephalic artery

  • supplies blood to right side of head and neck

Right common carotid artery

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branches off brachiocephalic artery

supplies blood to right upper limbs

Right subclavian artery

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Arteries of the Upper Limbs,

  1. Axillary arteries

  2. Brachial arteries

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  • continuation of subclavian

  • supply blood deep in clavicle

Axillary arteries

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  • continuation of axillary

  • • where blood pressure measurements are taken

Brachial arteries

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Arteries of the Upper Limbs

  1. axillary arteris

  2. brachial

  3. ulnar

  4. radial

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branch of brachial artery

near elbow

Ulnar arteries

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branch of brachial artery

supply blood to forearm and hand

pulse taken here

Radial arteries

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supply blood to stomach, pancreas, spleen, liver, upper duodenum

Celiac trunk arteries:

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. supply blood to small intestines and upper portion of colon

Superior mesenteric arteries

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supply blood to colon

Inferior mesenteric arteries:

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supply blood to stomach, pancreas, spleen, liver, upper duodenum

Celiac trunk arteries:

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supply blood to small intestines and upper portion of colon

Superior mesenteric arteries:

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supply blood to colon

Inferior mesenteric arteries:

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Thoracic Aorta Branches

  • Visceral arteries

  • Parietal arteries

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blood to thoracic organs: Esophagus trachea parietal pericardium part of the lung

Visceral arteries

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blood to thoracic wall: Posterior intercostal a. Superior phrenic a.

Parietal arteries

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Abdominal Aorta Branches

  • Renal arteries

  • Hepatic arteries

  • Testicular arteries

  • Ovarian arteries

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supply blood to kidneys

Renal arteries

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supply blood to liver

Hepatic arteries

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supply blood to testes

Testicular arteries

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supply blood to ovaries

Ovarian arteries

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supply blood to diaphragm

Inferior phrenic arteries:

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supply blood to lumbar vertebra and back muscles

Lumbar arteries

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Arteries of Pelvis

Common iliac arteries:

External iliac arteries:

Internal iliac arteries:

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  • branches from abdominal aorta .

  • divides into internal iliac arteries

Common iliac arteries:

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. division of common iliac artery

supply blood to lower limbs

External iliac arteries:

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division of common iliac

supply blood to pelvic area

Internal iliac arteries

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Arteries of the Lower Limbs

  • Femoral arteries:

  • Popliteal arteries:

  • Anterior and posterior arteries:

  • Fibular arteries:

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supply to thigh

Femoral arteries:

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supply blood to knee

Popliteal arteries:

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supply blood to leg and foot

Anterior and posterior arteries:

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supply blood to lateral leg and foot

Fibular arteries:

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  • Veins return blood to the heart.

  • In the systemic circulation, the blood returning to the heart is deoxygenated.

  • In the pulmonary circulation, the blood returning to the heart in the pulmonary veins is Oxygenated.

Veins

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  • returns blood from head, neck, thorax, and right upper limbs

  • empties into right atrium of heart

Veins

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  • returns blood from abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs.

  • empties into right atrium of heart

Veins

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Veins of the Head and Neck,

  • External jugular vein:

  • Internal jugular vein:

  • Subclavian veins:

  • Brachiocephalic veins:

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  • drain blood from head and neck

  • empties into subclavian veins

External jugular vein

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  • drain blood from brain, face, neck

  • empty into subclavian veins

Internal jugular vein:

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forms brachiocephalic veins

Subclavian veins:

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join to form superior vena cava

Brachiocephalic veins:

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empty into axillary vein

Brachial veins:

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empty into axillary vein and basilic vein

Cephalic veins:

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connects to cephalic vein

near elbow

Median cubital veins:

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Veins of the Thorax,

  • Right and left brachiocephalic veins:

  • Azygos veins:

  • Internal thoracic veins:

  • Posterior intercostal veins:

  • Hemiazygos vein:

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drain blood from thorax into superior vena cava

Right and left brachiocephalic veins:

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drain blood from thorax into superior vena cava

Azygos veins:

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empty into brachiocephalic veins

Internal thoracic veins:

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drain blood from posterior thoracic wall

drains into azygos vein on right side

Posterior intercostal veins:

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receives blood from azygos vein of left side

Hemiazygos vein:

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Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis,

  • Common iliac vein:

  • External iliac vein:

  • Internal iliac vein:

  • Renal vein:

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  • formed from external and internal iliacs

  • empty into inferior vena cava

Common iliac vein:

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  • • drains blood from lower limbs

  • empty into common iliac vein

External iliac vein

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  • drains blood from pelvic region

  • empties into common iliac vein

Internal iliac vein

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drains blood from kidneys

Renal vein

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Liver is a major processing center for substances absorbed by intestinal tract

Hepatic Portal System

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vascular system that begins with capillaries in viscera and ends with capillaries in liver

uses splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

Portal system:

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drain blood from thigh and empty into external iliac vein

Femoral veins

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• drain from foot and empty into femoral vein

Great saphenous veins:

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drain blood from knee and empty into femoral vein

Popliteal veins:

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is the measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls.

Blood Pressure

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contraction of heart

Systolic pressure

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relaxation of heart

Diastolic pressure

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Average Blood Pressure:

120/80

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is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures.

Pulse pressure

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